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There are two major limitations to the data shown. The first is that they are based on self-reported data, which may constitute a reporting bias. The second is that the data are not age- or sex-adjusted, so the differences shown in prevalence may be explained by a different population structure. COPD is an age-associated disease; the regions with the highest prevalence are those with a large elderly population.
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HYPERTENSION
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Reportered prevalence of hypertension in the population over 15 years. 2017. Spain. [ PDF]. [/ Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_123_t.r_123_t&s=Total&t=A02&view=map10 Versión interactiva. ]]]
Hypertension is an important risk factor that has been discovered in 19% of patients with COVID-19 in Spain. The biological concept is based on its effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) overexpression.
Two facts stand out in the data shown: on the one hand, the reported prevalence shows figures of 20-25% in all regions, except for the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) that registers around 10%; on the other hand, the similarity of figures between men and women, except in the cases of Navarre (Navarra) and Melilla. However, the interpretation of the data has the same limitations as in the case of COPD.
This risk factor is associated with greater severity. However, according to different studies, its influence does not seem to be as clear as that of COPD, cardiovascular diseases or diabetes.
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OBESITY
Obesity is considered the epidemic of the 21st century, as its numbers are increasing in the adult population and, what is more worrying, in children. Being overweight/obese has been identified in numerous studies as a predictor of hospital admission and admission to the ICU, especially in patients under 65 years of age. The SEMI-COVID-19 registry shows its presence in 21% of patients.
