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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Wastewater pollution and water consumption}}
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: Trends in wastewater pollution by SARS-CoV-2. 2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]Amongst the activities deemed as being essential by the regulations passed during the state of alarm, were those involving water processing and water supply. Specifically, the Order on essential water services (Order SND/274/2020 of 22 March), adopting measures concerning water for human consumption and wastewater processing, set that the organisations responsible for water processing were providing an essential service and, as such, must be able to source the products and materials necessary to carry out their work with guarantees and in compliance with current health regulations. Also, Royal Decree Law 11/2020 considered that water supply must be guaranteed whilst the state of alarm was in force, and could only be withheld from individuals in their usual residence for supply security reasons (AEOPAS, 2021).
{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Vegetation in the city of Seville during the first wave of the pandemic}}
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[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Image: Image of the city of Seville from the National Aerial Orthophotography Plan (PNOA), 2019 (National Geographic Institute of Spain). Seville. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]
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[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Variation in the vegetation index in the city of Seville during the first wave of the pandemic. 2017-2020. Seville. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]
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The relative increase in vegetation in part of the Metropolitan Area of Seville (Sevilla) during spring 2020 is clearly visible on the map and its relation to lockdown seems clear. Vegetation health and coverage was quantified by calculating the EVI2 vegetation index for the complete series of Sentinel-2 satellite images (A and B). Differences were calculated by comparing the average from images taken every 5 days in spring 2020 with those captured in spring 2017, 2018 and 2019. Sixty-seven Sentinel-2 images from 30STG tile at a spatial resolution of 10 m were processed. These images were then downloaded from the ''Sentinel Science Hub'' at processing levels 1-C and 2-A. The images at level 1-C, primarily for 2017 and 2018, were preprocessed using the Sen2cor atmospheric correction module, and all pixels not corresponding to land surface were masked, removing clouds, shadows and water bodies before calculating the EVI2.
The image shows green colours in most of the interstices of the city’s urban fabric. In other words, lockdown led to a positive vegetation index balance compared to the average of the three previous years. Its effect is striking on large unpaved urban open spaces where intense green colours stand out. A good example is the sandy area mainly used for parking on the left-hand sector of the image (Vega de Triana), where cancelling ‘Seville April Fair’ during the months of April and May 2020 led to an intense growth of vegetation during lockdown, an effect that may also be observed on the fairground arena itself. The lighter green colours linked to the parks in the city and the predominance of forest and herbal vegetation (Parque de María Luisa and Parque de los Príncipes) show figures close to the average, what confirms that the extraordinary growth of vegetation in streets and unpaved open spaces was a result of lockdown, rather than natural causes.
