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{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=sección de la Monografía covid-19, sección I, pandemia, covid19, casos de COVID-19 en la Unión Europea, personal sanitario en la Unión Europea, mortalidad por COVID-19 en la Unión Europea, estructura demográfica en Europa, aeropuertos de la Unión Europea, ciudades de Europa, dinámica demográfica en Europa|descripcion= Análisis de la afección de la pandemia en la Unión Europea a través de mapas y gráficos estadísticos del Atlas Nacional de España|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}

{{ANENavegacionCapitulo (monografía COVID-19)|estructura=[[Estructura temática (monografía COVID-19)|Estructura temática]]|seccion=[[Global context of the COVID-19 pandemic]]|capitulo=Impact of the pandemic on the European Union}}

The European Union is very heterogeneous from a geographical point of view. Four different geographical aspects show this complexity and warrant analysis: population density, population age, urban system and main airports. This geographical diversity becomes a key explanatory factor when studying the pandemic’s differing impact on the different States, regions and municipalities.

The map showing the [[:File:Europe_Main-airports-in-the-European-Union_2019_map_17850_eng.jpg|''Main airports in the European Union'']] tries to highlight the virus’ points of access to the Union from abroad, i.e. the international airports where measures were gradually introduced to slow down the arrival of passengers, first from Asia, then from South Africa, Brazil and the United Kingdom. It also shows the other airports in the network, which subsequently helped to spread the pandemic internally. Air transport flows in the European Union have two main components: business travel and leisure travel. Travel for work-related reasons is more common in the airports located in the main urban areas. Falls in the number of passengers at these airports as a result of lockdowns and reduced mobility were considerable. Frankfurt airport went from 70 million passengers in 2019 to 19 million in 2020; Madrid from 60 million in 2019 to 17 million in 2020; and Munich (München) from 48 million in 2019 to 11 million in 2020. By contrast, airports on the Mediterranean coast and the Canary Islands (islas Canarias) rely heavily on tourism. However, given that the outbreak of the virus happened in winter, during months of low tourist activity, these airports were less impacted by restrictions on mobility during the initial weeks of the pandemic. In June 2020, when the incidence of the virus had been reduced, lockdown measures were scaled-back and the summer tourist season began, some regional administrations in these areas –particularly the island regions– ventured to test tourist corridors, in which virus control systems at airports played a crucial role.

[[File:Europe_COVID--19-cases-in-the-European-Union_2020_map_17792_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 cases in the European Union. 2020. Europe. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europe_COVID--19-cases-in-the-European-Union_2020_map_17792_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europe_COVID--19-cases-in-the-European-Union_2020_map_17792_eng.zip Data]. ]]

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