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{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=pandemic, covid19, COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 hotspots, COVID-19|descripcion= Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia through maps and statistical graphs from the National Atlas of Spain.|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}
{{ANENavegacionSubcapitulo(monografía COVID-19)|estructura temática=Estructura temática|seccion=[[The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain]]|capitulo=[[Different spatial behaviours|Different spatial behaviours]]|subcapitulo=Galicia}}
{{ANENavegacionHermanosPrimero|siguiente=[[Saragossa (Zaragoza)]]}}
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[[File:Logo MonografíaGalicia COVID--19-Cases-in-Galicia 2020 map 17884 eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 cases in Galicia. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_COVID-de-poblacion19-enCases-la-Unionin-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaGalicia_2020_map_17884_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Casos-de-poblacionCOVID-en-la19-Unionen-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaGalicia_2020_mapa_17884_spa.zip DatosMore information].]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaGalicia COVID--19-hotspots-in-Galicia 2020 map 17885 eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 hotspots in Santiago de CompostelaGalicia. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_COVID-de-poblacion19-enhotspots-lain-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaGalicia_2020_map_17885_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Focos-de-poblacionCOVID-en-la19-Unionen-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaGalicia_2020_mapa_17885_spa.zip DatosMore information].]]
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The spatial distribution of the population has traditionally been scattered. In fact, even though half of the human settlements in Spain are to be found in this region, Galicia only accounts for 5.7% of the national population, roughly ten times less. A large percentage of the population lives in human settlements that are not the municipal capital, as shown on the chapter on ''[[Population, human settlements and comorbidities|Population, human settlements and comorbidities]]'' (over 20% in the provinces of Lugo and Pontevedra, and even over 70% in some municipalities). It also has a large amount of human settlements per municipality (over 40 on average), what entails a density of over 20 human settlements every 10 km2 in some areas.
[[File:Galicia COVID--19-cases-in-the-municipality-of-A-Coruna 2020 map 17888 eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 cases in Corunna. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Galicia_COVID--19-cases-in-the-municipality-of-A-Coruna_2020_map_17888_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Galicia_Casos-de-COVID--19-en-el-municipio-de-A-Coruna_2020_mapa_17888_spa.zip More information] .]]
[[File:Galicia COVID--19-cases-in-the-municipality-of-Vigo 2020 map 17889 eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 cases in Vigo. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Galicia_COVID--19-cases-in-the-municipality-of-Vigo_2020_map_17889_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Galicia_Casos-de-COVID--19-en-el-municipio-de-Vigo_2020_mapa_17889_spa.zip More information].]]
Most of the population in Galicia is concentrated around the Atlantic Urban Axis, i.e. the corridor around the AP-9 motorway that connects the main urban areas in Galicia with northern Portugal. This Axis is located in the western part of the region, near the coast. Five of the seven most populated towns in Galicia are located on this corridor: Vigo and Corunna (A Coruña), with 300,000 inhabitants each; Santiago de Compostela with roughly 100,000 inhabitants; Pontevedra with 85,000 inhabitants; and Ferrol with 70,000 inhabitants. The other two major towns in Galicia are Lugo and Ourense, both of which have approximately 100,000 inhabitants and are located in the eastern part of the region, away from this corridor. In addition, a small group of medium-sized towns have sprung up in recent decades within the metropolitan area of some of the larger towns, such as Narón, Arteixo, Ames, etc., with around 30,000-40,000 inhabitants each.
The urban system in Galicia is dominated by the Atlantic Urban Axis, which has positive demographic dynamics both from a quantitative perspective (higher fertility rates and positive migratory balances) and from a qualitative point of view (younger population and more dynamic demographic structures). The two main urban areas in the eastern part of the region are the two provincial capitals, Lugo and Ourense, which gather much of the socioeconomic activity in these two provinces. The rest of the territory, particularly rural in nature, is articulated by a group of district capitals that cover large extensions where negative demographic dynamics are observed.
Another important socioeconomic factor in Galicia would be the close ties to the sea. It has over 1,700 km coastline as well as 128 ports –six of which fall under the national government’s jurisdiction, whilst the remaining 122 ports fall under the jurisdiction of the regional administration–. Multiple seafaring activities take place in the region, i.e. fishing activities (offshore, on land, shellfishing, etc.), trading activities, passenger traffic (ferryboats and cruises), nautical tourism and leisure activities.
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[[File:Logo MonografíaGalicia Spotlights-propagation-COVID--19-in-the-town-of-Ourense 2020 map 17886 eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 hotspots in Ourense. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Spotlights-propagation-deCOVID--19-poblacionin-enthe-latown-Unionof-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaOurense_2020_map_17886_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Focos-de-propagacion-de-poblacionCOVID--19-en-la-Unionciudad-de-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaOurense_2020_mapa_17886_spa.zip DatosMore information].]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaGalicia Spotlights-propagation-COVID--19-in-Santiago-de-Compostela 2020 map 17887 eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: COVID-19 hotspots in Santiago de Compostela. 2020. Galicia.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Spotlights-propagation-deCOVID-poblacion-en19-in-laSantiago-Unionde-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaCompostela_2020_map_17887_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadGalicia_Focos-de-poblacionpropagacion-de-COVID--19-en-laSantiago-Unionde-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaCompostela_2020_mapa_17887_spa.zip DatosMore information].]]
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The patterns described entail various social and economic factors that have significant outcomes on Galicia and help understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region.
The maps show the amount of people infected in the region from the start of the epidemic until 30 June 2020. The information was provided by the Regional Health Service of Galicia (Servizio Galego de Saúde). The database holds information on 10,853 COVID-19 cases together with the patients’ addresses. Locating these cases allows to understand the spatial distribution of the impact of the disease and its regional patterns of behaviour.
Data were aggregated by municipality to improve visualisation. The first map, called ''[[:File:Galicia COVID--19 cases -Cases-in -Galicia2020 map 17884 eng.jpg|COVID-19 cases in Galicia]]'', shows the incidence of the pandemic in Galician municipalities. The following maps depict hotspots. The geographical spread of the virus was more significant around the Atlantic Urban Axis, especially in areas close to the main towns. It could therefore be concluded that spatial distribution of the population was a factor that affected the incidence of the pandemic: scattered population and reduced physical contact worked to contain the spread of the virus. In addition, there is a degree of spatial correlation between the total amount of inhabitants in a municipality and the number of cases reported. The areas most affected were those around the towns of Corunna (A Coruña), Vigo, Santiago de Compostela and Ourense, as well as their nearby urban and peri-urban areas. Many of the residential areas and industrial activities are concentrated in these peri-urban areas, which have a great dynamism and high levels of social interaction. Meanwhile, the older and less dynamic population living in rural areas was less exposed to the virus, except in some nursing homes.<br>
{{ANEAutoria|Autores= José Balsa Barreiro, Rubén C. Lois González, Ángel Miramontes Carballada y Ana Paula Santana Rodrigues}}
