Changes

{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=pandemic, covid19, población parada en el sector servicios durante la pandemiaunemployed in sales, población afiliada a la seguridad social durante la pandemiaservices and trade during the pandemic, comercio electrónico en la pandemiaaffiliated to the Social Security system during the pandemic, población afiliada a la seguridad social en servicios no turísticose-commerce during the pandemic, población afiliada en ERTE durante la pandemiaaffiliated to the Social Security system in sales, services and trade, furloughed workers during the pandemic|descripcion= Análisis del sector servicios no turísticos durante la pandemia a través de mapas y gráficos estadísticosAnalysis of the sales, services and trade during the pandemic through maps and statistical graphs|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Monthly-change-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System-in-sales--sevices-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18585_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Monthly change in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system System in sales, services sevices and trade during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Monthly-change-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System-dein-poblacionsales-en-lasevices-Unionand-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spatrade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18585_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Monthly-change-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System-in-sales-de-poblacionsevices-enand-latrade-Unionduring-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spathe-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18585_eng.zip DatosData]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c_199_t.c_199_t&s=09-2019&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c_200_t.c_200_t&s=09-2020&t=A02&view=map10 2].]]

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Change-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system-in-sales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2018-2020_statisticalgraph_18586_eng.jpg||rightleft|thumb|300px|MapStatistical graph: Monthly evolution Change in registered unemployed the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system in sales, services and trade during the pandemic. 20192018-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

During the first months of the pandemic, particularly from March to May 2020, the sales, services and trade sector, which includes commerce, financial services, advanced services (high-value added and high quality specialised services whose main resource is knowledge) and personal services, registered a loss of staff evidenced by the drop in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system (see the map on the ''[[:File:Spain_Monthly-change-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System-in-sales--sevices-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18585_eng.jpg|Monthly change in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system in sales, services and trade during the pandemic]]''). Just 26% of sales, services and trade companies continued to work with no remarkable disruptions throughout the period in which the state of alarm was in force, whilst 32% reported that they were forced to close, and the rest continued to operate yet a reduced level of activity was to be introduced (survey carried out by the National Statistics Institute entitled Business [https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/es/index.htm?type=pcaxis&path=/COVID/ice/p01/&file=pcaxis&dh=0&capsel=0Business confidence indicators. Opinion module on COVID-19)]. The reduction in the amount of affiliated workers was especially relevant in some regions, such as the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears), the Canary Islands (Canarias), the Region of Valencia (Comunitat Valenciana), the Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia) and Andalusia (Andalucía), where trade accounts for a significant part of the economy. Whilst the Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia) and Andalusia (Andalucía) began to see some signs of recovery from the summer of 2020 onwards, the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) and the Canary Islands (Canarias) returned to the recruitment cycle that existed prior to the pandemic, yet with much lower figures. As indicated in the [https://www.mites.gob.es/ficheros/ministerio/estadisticas/documentos/Nota_impacto_COVID_Diciembre-2020.pdf report on the impact of COVID-19 ] carried out by the Ministry of Work and Social Economy, the service sector was slow to recover.

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Monthly-evolution-in-registered-unemployed-in-sales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18529_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graphMap: Change Monthly evolution in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system registered unemployed in sales, services and trade during the pandemic. 20182019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Monthly-evolution-in-registered-unemployed-in-desales-poblacion-enservices-laand-Uniontrade-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaduring-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18529_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Monthly-deevolution-poblacionin-enregistered-launemployed-Unionin-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spasales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18529_eng.zip DatosData]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_196_t.r_196_t&s=09-2019&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_197_t.r_197_t&s=09-2020&t=A02&view=map10 2].]]

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Monthly-evolution-in-the-amount-of-furloughed-workers-in-sales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18532_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Monthly evolution in the amount of furloughed workers in sales, services and trade during the pandemic. 2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

The drop in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system came together with a negative evolution in registered unemployment. In absolute terms, all regions registered an increase in the amount of unemployed, as evidenced by the map on the ''[[:File:Spain_Monthly-evolution-in-registered-unemployed-in-sales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18529_eng.jpg|Monthly evolution in registered unemployed in sales, services and trade during the pandemic]]''.

In addition, over a million workers in the sales, services and trade sector were furloughed in 2020 (see the graph on the ''[[:File:Spain_Monthly-evolution-in-the-amount-of-furloughed-workers-in-sales--services-and-trade-during-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18532_eng.jpg|Monthly evolution in the amount of furloughed workers in sales, services and trade during the pandemic]]''), with April seeing the highest figures. From then on, employees began making a steady and rather quick return to routine work, and by September of the same year, just under 200,000 workers in the sector remained on furlough. This pattern was similar to that observed in the national economy as a whole, as evidenced by the sector’s percentage share on the total amount of workers on furlough, which ranged from 28% to 30%.

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System-in-advanced-services_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18587_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system System in advanced services. 2019-2020. Spain. ]][[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadFile:Spain_Evolution-dein-poblacionsales-enindex-laand-Unionoccupancy-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidadrate-dein-poblacion-enretail-latrade_2019-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]][[File:Logo Monografía2020_statisticalgraph_18588_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in sales index and occupancy rate in retail trade. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

The sudden arrival of COVID-19 and lockdown led to a major slowdown in the retail sector. The graph on the ''[[:File:Spain_Evolution-in-sales-index-and-occupancy-rate-in-retail-trade_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18588_eng.jpg|Evolution in sales index and occupancy rate in retail trade ]]'' shows that sales plummeted by around -32% during the first months of the pandemic in Spain (March-April 2020). Once the initial shutdown ended, the comparable sales rates remained negative, as many businesses were either not allowed to open or could not financially justify opening due to the restrictions imposed. As the lockdown measures were gradually loosened, a commercial landscape of businesses that had closed or been forced to change direction began to emerge. Only essential traders, such as food and pharmaceutical suppliers, escaped the closures. As a result, this key indicator of the commercial scene, which has always followed a positive trend, registered negative figures in February 2020. The effects on employment in this sector were even worse, with the positive pre-pandemic figures experiencing a remarkable fall during the pandemic.

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_E--commerce-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18533_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: E-commerce during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_E-de-poblacioncommerce-enduring-lathe-Unionpandemic_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18533_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_E-de-poblacioncommerce-enduring-lathe-Unionpandemic_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18533_eng.zip DatosData].[//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_198_t.r_198_t&s=2020&t=A02&view=map10 Interactive version.]]]

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-of-e--commerce-turnover-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18534_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution of e-commerce turnover during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

The economic crisis filtered into the real-estate market and financial operations right from the very beginning of the pandemic, resulting in an extraordinary drop in the amount of mortgages signed from March to July 2020 compared to the same period of the previous year, with pre-pandemic figures remaining elusive until the summer months (General Council of Notaries Public, 2021). Moreover, the banking industry’s concern about possible defaults on mortgages combined with the uncertain outlook in the initial stages of the pandemic caused [https://www.emmi-benchmarks.eu/ Euribor ] to rise, although it remained in negative territory. This could have further discouraged buyers and shrank the property market. Nevertheless, despite this initial reaction, 2020 eventually ended with a drop in Euribor and an uptick in new mortgages, yet figures remained below those registered in 2019. The worst figures in 2020 were registered in April, and the decrease in the amount of mortgages granted came together with a drop in the average amount offered ([https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736170236&menu=resultados&secc=1254736169948&idp=1254735576606 Mortgage Statistics, National Statistics Institute, 2021]).

Advanced services, which are high-value added and high quality specialised services whose main resource is knowledge, are crucial for the competitive positioning of companies and regions and played a crucial role in overcoming the health and economic crisis. Despite their importance, however, employment in this sector initially took a knock, registering 50% fewer affiliated workers in April 2020 than in 2019, yet figures did begin to pick up in May (General Treasury of the Social Security, 2021). In the first year of pandemic and within the advanced services sector, research activities, consulting and computer programming saw their affiliate numbers grow by 3.1%, 2.8% and 2.7%, respectively (Figures on Average [https://www.seg-social.es/wps/portal/wss/internet/EstadisticasPresupuestosEstudios/Estadisticas/EST8/EST10/EST290Average Affiliation to the Social Security system], General Treasury of the Social Security, 2021). The urgency of medical and pharmaceutical research and the need for companies to adapt to a new context defined by home office, the electronic provision of services and a sudden increase in the demand for computer security go a long way to explaining this positive trend.

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-real--estate-mortgages-signed-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18535_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in real-estate mortgages signed during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-acceptances-of-inheritance-deeds-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18536_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in acceptances of inheritance deeds during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-executions-to-grant-general-powers-of-attorney-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18537_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in executions to grant general powers of attorney during the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]

{{ANEAutoria|Autores=María Pilar Alonso Logroño, Gema González Romero y and María Dolores Pitarch Garrido}}