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The trail of a Hispanic Islam, once the caliphate had disappeared, and although generating a rich and flourishing cultural and economic period, was impossible because of the irrepressible pressure of the Christian kingdoms. The taifa kings successively called on the help of two warlike fundamentalist movements that emerged in North Africa: the Almoravids (11<sup>th</sup>-12<sup>th</sup> centuries) and the Almohads (12<sup>th</sup>-13<sup>th</sup> centuries). Nevertheless, for almost three centuries, the two North African empires were a suprastructure, more military and less political, with which the Spanish-Muslim aristocracies coexisted. Great victories of the Almoravids (Sagrajas and Uclés) and Almohads (Alarcos) did not reverse the situation in the Peninsula.
When Alfonso I of Aragon, after conquering Saragossa, defeated the Almoravids in Cutanda Battle and when Alfonso VI of Castile withstood the onslaught against Toledo, it was predicted that the Christian configuration was going to be consolidated. The crucial test would come with the Almohad invasion. The Castilian King Alfonso VIII, with the help of the Portuguese, Navarrese and Aragonese, military orders and knights from all over Europe, was already capable of inflicting on Islam its most spectacular defeat , [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVZJxQzEcMc Las Navas de Tolosa] (1212). When In turn, Alfonso I IX of Aragon, after conquering SaragossaLeon his son-in-low, defeated the Almoravids in Cutanda Battle and when Alfonso VI of Castile withstood the onslaught against Toledo, it was predicted that only one who had not responded to the Christian configuration was going call for a crusade to be consolidatedLas Navas, seizes all of Extremadura. Hispanic Islam is definitively sentenced, except for a beleaguered Kingdom of Granada. The crucial test would come with the Almohad invasion [https://www.youtube. The Castilian King Alfonso VIII, with the help com/watch?v=5-_qJg6jIgQ Kingdom of the PortugueseLeon], Navarrese and Aragonese, military orders and knights from all over Europe, was already capable of inflicting on Islam its most spectacular defeat El reino de León, menos en dos breves periodos except for two brief periods (1035-1037 y and 1065-1072) había constituido una sola monarquíahad constituted a single monarchy. Entre los siglos XII y XIIIBetween the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, la división en dos reinos duraría desde the division into two kingdoms would last from 1157 hasta to 1230, fecha en la que when Fernando III (hijo de son of Alfonso IX y and Berenguela de Castillaof Castile) une definitivamente las dos coronas de Castilla y de Leóndefinitively united the two crowns of Castile and Leon, que se traduce en una which resulted in an immediate [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-_qJg6jIgQ expansiónGsKJ0hT90pU expansion] inmediata por el valle del through the Guadalquivir hasta las costas atlánticas y por levante hasta las costas mediterráneasvalley to the Atlantic coasts and east to the Mediterranean coasts. En este espacio iba a colisionar con AragónIn this territory it was going to collide with Aragon, donde Jaime where James I venía avanzando al sur del had been advancing south of the Ebro por todo el litoralriver along the coast, en paralelo con parallel to Fernando III, espacio en debate por los constantes tratados de futuros límitesa territory under discussion due to the constant treaties of future limits, prueba de la evidence of the secular planificación de la planning of the ''Reconquista''.
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