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{{ANEEtiqueta
|palabrasclave= |descripcion=Cartographic presentation Catholic kings, Crown of Castile, Crown of Aragon, Treaty of Tordesillas, Treaty of Saragossa, discovery of America, Columbus, explorations of America, first voyage around the world, Magellan, Juan Sebastián Elcano, Habsburgs, Charles I, Communards, Philip II Germanies, incorporation of Portugal, uprising of the Alpujarras, 16th century uprising of Aragon, Erasmism, Lutheranism, Enlightenment, mesta, military orders, mining in the modern age, trade in the modern age, administration of royal justice, chancilleries, audiencias, Philip III, expulsion of the Moors, agriculture in the modern age, manufacturing in the modern age, plague epidemics, Philip IV, independence of Portugal, rebellion of Catalonia, War of the Reapers, Charles II, War of the Spanish Succession, Cortes of Castile, Cortes of prehistoryAragon, Bourbon Enlightenment, Bourbons, includingPhilip V, among othersroyal factories, royal sites on , new town planning, riot of Esquilache, expulsion of the Jesuits, Charles III, roads, canals and ports in the 18th century, viceroyalty, audiences, intendancies, Bourbon administrative organisation, captaincies general, maritime departments, provincial intendancies, economic societies of friends of the country, Charles IV, 18th-century cultural institutions, creation of universities, royal academies, ecclesiastical organisation in the 18th century|descripcion=The Modern Age began in the Iberian Peninsuladuring the joint reign of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469-1504/1516) and ended with the War of Independence (1808-1814).|url=valorhttp://nationalatlas.ign.es/images/thumb/1/15/World_First-round-the-world_1515-1522_map_16782_eng.jpg/220px-World_First-round-the-world_1515-1522_map_16782_eng.jpg
}}
}}
{{ANENavegacionHermanosANENavegacionSubtemaAnterior|anteriornombre subtema=[[Middle Ages]]}}{{ANENavegacionSubtemaSiguiente|siguientenombre subtema=[[Contemporary Age]]}}<div style="clear: both;"></div>
The Modern Age began on the Iberian Peninsula during the joint reign of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469-1504/1516) and ended with the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814). There were two dynasties that ruled throughout that period, the Habsburgs dynasty (1517-1700) and the Bourbons one; the latter since the childless death of Charles II.<br>
{{ANETextoEpigrafe
|epigrafe=Spain before facing Imperial Europe
}}
}}
[[File:Spain_Revolts-and-conflicts-during-the-reign-of-Philip-II-(1568--1596)_1568-1596_map_16789_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Revolts and conflicts during the reign of Philip II (1568-1596). 1568-1596. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Revolts-and-conflicts-during-the-reign-of-Philip-II-(1568--1596)_1568-1596_map_16789_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Revolts-and-conflicts-during-the-reign-of-Philip-II-(1568--1596)_1568-1596_map_16789_eng.zip Data].]]
[[File:Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Mining, trade and finance during the Modern Age. 1500-1808. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.zip Data].]]
[[File:Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Administration of the ordinary Royal Justice in the 16th century. Chancelleries, hearings and other institutions. 1371-1699. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.zip Data].]]
[[File:Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Crisis of 1640. 1631-1668. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.zip Data].]]
[[File:Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Meetings of the courts of Castile and Aragon. 16th-18th centuries. 1500-1799. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.zip Data].]]
[[File:Spain_War-of-the-Spanish-Succession-(1700--1715)_1701-1715_map_16792_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: War of the Spanish Succession (1700-1715). 1701-1715. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_War-of-the-Spanish-Succession-(1700--1715)_1701-1715_map_16792_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_War-of-the-Spanish-Succession-(1700--1715)_1701-1715_map_16792_eng.zip Data].]]
With Philip IV, el ''Rey Sol'' Spanish power was expected to increase. In the Thirty Years’ War, which began in Germany (1618) between Catholic and Protestant princes, Spanish-Austrian victories followed one another. Denmark, Norway and Sweden were unable to offset the balance until, in 1635, faced with the enormous power of the Habsburgs, France entered the war, supported by the United Provinces (Holland), England and Scotland. The triumphs gave way to defeats (the resounding disaster at [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocroi,_el_último_tercio#/media/Archivo:Rocroi,_el_último_tercio,_por_Augusto_Ferrer-Dalmau.jpg Rocroi] in 1643 was one of them). Spain is forced to sign the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) which meant its loss of territories, the recognition of the independence of Holland and the replacement of Spain in the European hegemony by a new great power: France.<br>
{{ANESubirArriba}}
{{ANETextoDestacado
|titulo=The Bourbon monarchy
|contenido=
In 1700, it seemed that the imposing power of the Habsburgs would be replaced by the Bourbons. That is why the War of Spanish Succession broke out throughout Europe. In 1714, with the Treaty of Utrecht, Europe ended up accepting the French King, but Spain lost all its territories on the continent, Minorca and Gibraltar. Thus, Spain had to give up the monopoly of its trade with America, a secular ambition of Great Britain.<br>
The Bourbons of the 18<sup>th</sup> century were Philip V (1700-1724, by abdication), Louis I (January-August 1724, death), Philip V (takes back the throne, 1724-1746), Ferdinand VI (1746-1759), Charles III (1759-1788, brother of Ferdinand; king of Naples, which he left in 1734) and Charles IV (1788-1808).<br>
}}
{{ANETextoEpigrafe
|epigrafe=Bourbon Reformism
}}
The [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqB14NYaE0s European reformist spirit] of the 18<sup>th</sup> century arrived with Philip V. As a result, for example, the Habsburgs’ hunting palaces were converted into Royal Sites and beautiful Versailles-like palaces with attractive gardens and fountains, were periodically visited by the court with all their paraphernalia.<br>
<ul style="text-align:center; float:center; margin:0; padding:0">
<li style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin:0; padding:0">
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Royal-manufactures--royal-sites-and-new-urbanism.-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15777_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Royal manufactures, royal sites and new urbanism. 18<sup>th</sup> 18th century. 1700-1799. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Royal-manufactures--royal-sites-and-new-urbanism.-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15777_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Royal-manufactures--royal-sites-and-new-urbanism.-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15777_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
</li>
<li style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; margin:0; padding:0">
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Esquilache-Riots-and-expulsion-of-the-Jesuits-(1766--1767)_1766-1767_map_15786_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Esquilache riots Riots and expulsion of the jesuitsJesuits. 1766-1767. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Esquilache-Riots-and-expulsion-of-the-Jesuits-(1766--1767)_1766-1767_map_15786_eng. [XXX pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Esquilache-Riots-and-expulsion-of-the-Jesuits-(1766--1767)_1766-1767_map_15786_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
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[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Roads--canals-and-ports-in-the-second-half-of-the-18th-century_1700-1810_map_15779_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Roads, canals and ports in the second half fon of the 18<sup>th</sup> 18th century. 1700-1810. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Roads--canals-and-ports-in-the-second-half-of-the-18th-century_1700-1810_map_15779_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Roads--canals-and-ports-in-the-second-half-of-the-18th-century_1700-1810_map_15779_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
</li>
</ul>
{{ANEAutoria
|Autores=XXXMaría Sánchez Agustí, José Antonio Álvarez Castrillón, Mercedes de la Calle Carracedo, Daniel Galván Desvaux, Joaquín García Andrés, Isidoro González Gallego, Montserrat León Guerrero, Esther López Torres, Carlos Lozano Ruiz, Ignacio Martín Jiménez, Rosendo Martínez Rodríguez, Rafael de Miguel González.
}}
}}
[[File:EnelaboracionSouth-and-Central-America_Administrative-organization-of-South-and-Central-America.-18th-century_1700-1800_map_15776_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Administrative organisation organization of South and Central America in the 18<sup>th</sup> . 18th century. 1700-1800. South and Central America. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/South-and-Central-America_Administrative-organization-of-South-and-Central-America.-18th-century_1700-1800_map_15776_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/South-and-Central-America_Administrative-organization-of-South-and-Central-America.-18th-century_1700-1800_map_15776_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]][[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Bourbon-administrative-and-territorial-organization_1700-1799_map_14003_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Administrative Map: Bourbon administrative and territorial Borbonic organization. 1700-1799. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Bourbon-administrative-and-territorial-organization_1700-1799_map_14003_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Bourbon-administrative-and-territorial-organization_1700-1799_map_14003_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
The Bourbons introduced a unitary and centralist State, which sought efficiency against the administrative dispersion of the Habsburgs. The Peninsula was divided into 32 provinces, following the French influence, especially in Castile (24 provinces); those of the crown of Aragon, Navarra and the Basque territories were kept as single provinces. In the Central Administration, they took the model of ministries, which they called ''secretarías de despacho''. The ''Decretos de Nueva Planta'' eliminated the regional privileged status (''foralidad'') in the crown of Aragon, although not in Navarra or the Basque provinces, nor for the feudal rights of the bishop of Urgel over Andorra.<br>
{{ANEAutoria
|Autores=XXXMaría Sánchez Agustí, José Antonio Álvarez Castrillón, Mercedes de la Calle Carracedo, Daniel Galván Desvaux, Joaquín García Andrés, Isidoro González Gallego, Montserrat León Guerrero, Esther López Torres, Carlos Lozano Ruiz, Ignacio Martín Jiménez, Rosendo Martínez Rodríguez, Rafael de Miguel González.
}}
Each one presented its own profile but in all of them, there were noblemen, ecclesiastics, civil servants, soldiers, landowners, intellectuals, liberal professionals such as doctors and journalists, as well as some merchants and artisans. In any case, people with reformist tendencies. The main interest of the societies were education, the economy, charitable work (''montes de piedad'') and the teaching of trades. They also pursued a fair knowledge of their own territory.<br>
In the university field, several reform projects failed such as those of Melchor de Macanaz, Mayans (''Idea of the new teaching methods for Spanish Universities, 1767'') or that of Pablo de Olavide. During the 18<sup>th</sup> century, historical universities coexisted with others of less relevance and newly created ones. Among the latter, it is worth mentioning the University of Cervera, founded in 1717 by Philip V to replace the rest of the universities in Catalonia, all of which were suppressed due to their support for the Habsburg pretender to the Spanish throne, against the Bourbons.<br>
Conservatism predominated in the university cloisters and ideas of criticism or progress were non-existent. For example, to be a full professor at the University of Valladolid, it was necessary to swear the defence of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Therefore, being impossible to use the universities as disseminators of the Enlightenment principles, the Bourbons promoted other centres for the teaching and promotion of scientific knowledge and culture. Thus, in addition, the French reality of those times was emulated. The royal academies arose, the academy of language, of [https://dbe.rah.es/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI47-blpTI9wIVh-d3Ch2RVwVEEAAYASAAEgJZzvD_BwE history] and all kinds of institutions in the various disciplines: medicine, mathematics, mining... Natural history cabinets, astronomical observatories and [http://www.rjb.csic.es/jardinbotanico/jardin/index.php?Cab=10&len=es botanical gardens] were created.<br>
As for the ''Ecclesiastical territorial organisation'', it was said that to the north of the Sistema Central all the bishoprics depended on Santiago de Compostela, except for Oviedo and León, which even in the 18<sup>th</sup> century continued to qualify as “exempt bishoprics”, (''obispado exento'') of Burgos or Toledo, despite this being the “Primate Headquarters” since its conquest. In the south, two archdioceses predominated, Granada and Seville, both also recognised since their conquest. The latter was extremely powerful, being the head of all American episcopates.<br>
The ''cabildos'' were a very important centre of power in the cities. During the eighteenth century new bishoprics were achieved in Santander (1754), Ibiza (1782), Tudela (1783) and Minorca (1795). Calatayud, Játiva and Lorca, which also aspired to it, did not achieve their transformation from a collegiate church to an episcopal see. Many collegiate churches, however, managed to survive throughout the 18th century. The collegiate churches and their ''cabildos'' played a very notable role in many smaller towns being like second-rate cathedrals.<br>
<div style="margin:0; padding:0">
<ul style="text-align:center; float:center; margin:0; padding:0">
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[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Main-economic-societies-of-friends-of-the-country.-Reigns-of-Carlos-III-and-Carlos-IV_1750-1808_map_15832_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Main economic societies of friends of the country. Reigns of Charles Carlos III and Charles Carlos IV. 1750-1808. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Main-economic-societies-of-friends-of-the-country.-Reigns-of-Carlos-III-and-Carlos-IV_1750-1808_map_15832_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Main-economic-societies-of-friends-of-the-country.-Reigns-of-Carlos-III-and-Carlos-IV_1750-1808_map_15832_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
</li>
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[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Universities--academies-and-other-educational--scientific-and-cultural-institutions-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15867_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Universities, academies and other educational, scientific and cultural institutions 18<sup>th</sup> in the 18th century. 1700-1799. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Universities--academies-and-other-educational--scientific-and-cultural-institutions-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15867_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Universities--academies-and-other-educational--scientific-and-cultural-institutions-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15867_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
</li>
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[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Ecclesiastical-territorial-organization-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15870_eng.jpg|center|thumb|300px|Map: Ecclesiastical territorial organisation organization in the 18<sup>th</sup> 18th century. 1700-1799. Spain. [XXX //centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Ecclesiastical-territorial-organization-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15870_eng.pdf PDF]. [XXX Datos]//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Ecclesiastical-territorial-organization-in-the-18th-century_1700-1799_map_15870_eng. [XXX Interactivozip Data].]]
</li>
</ul>
</div>
{{ANEAutoria
|Autores=XXXMaría Sánchez Agustí, José Antonio Álvarez Castrillón, Mercedes de la Calle Carracedo, Daniel Galván Desvaux, Joaquín García Andrés, Isidoro González Gallego, Montserrat León Guerrero, Esther López Torres, Carlos Lozano Ruiz, Ignacio Martín Jiménez, Rosendo Martínez Rodríguez, Rafael de Miguel González.
}}
{{ANESubirArriba}}
{{ANEBibliografiaANENavegacionSubtemaAnterior|Texto=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANENavegacionHermanos|anteriornombre subtema=[[Middle Ages]]|siguiente=[[Contemporary Age]]}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Recursos relacionados}} {{#ask: [[Tiene palabra clave::~*asentamientos*]] OR [[Tiene palabra clave::núcleos de población deshabitados]] OR [[Tiene palabra clave::población en diseminado]] OR [[Tiene ID recurso::13987]] OR [[Tiene palabra clave::planes de desarrollo rural]] |mainlabel=Vista previa ANENavegacionSubtemaSiguiente|?Tiene título alternativo 1#=Título |?Pertenece a nombre subtema=Subtema |?Tiene JPG=JPG |?Tiene versión interactiva=Interactivo |?Tiene extensión temporal=Extensión temporal |?Tiene datos brutos publicados#Si,No=Datos a descarga |?Tiene más información=Descarga completa |headers=plain |link=all |limit=1000 |sort=Tiene título alternativo 1 |order=ascending |class=datatable}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANENavegacionHermanos|anterior=[[Middle Ages]]|siguiente=[[Contemporary Age]]}}<div style="clear: both;"></div>
{{ANEDescargaPDFTema
|url=https://www.ign.es/web/resources/docs/IGNCnig/ANE/Capitulos/06_Historicaloverview_2024.pdf
}}
{{ANEPaginaDescargas}}
[[Category:History]]
[[es:Edad_Moderna]]
