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'''HEART FAILURE'''
[[File:Spain_Prevalence-of-heart-failure_2017_map_17868_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Prevalence of heart failure. 2017. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-heart-failure_2017_map_17868_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-heart-failure_2017_map_17868_eng.zip Data]. [Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12546.c12546&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12545.c12545&t=A02&view=map10 2] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12547.c12547&t=A02&view=map10 3].]]
Heart failure has been described, either under this term or as a cardiovascular disease, as the most prevalent risk factor in the population diagnosed with COVID-19 (up to 30%) and is present in more than 50% of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in Spain, according to several studies. Its mechanism of action is the same as for diabetes and hypertension.
'''CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE'''
[[File:Spain_Prevalence-of-chronic-kidney-disease_2019_map_18373_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease. 2019. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-chronic-kidney-disease_2019_map_18373_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-chronic-kidney-disease_2019_map_18373_eng.zip Data]. [Interactive version [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12867.c12867&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12866.c12866&t=A02&view=map10 2] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12868.c12868&t=A02&view=map10 3].]]
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is included in the range of comorbidities that are associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Kidneys have ACE-2 receptors and are primarily involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that regulates blood pressure. These are usually patients with added comorbidities, such as diabetes and hypertension, who have a weakened immune system.
'''HIV-AIDS'''
[[File:Spain_Prevalence-of-HIV-and-AIDS_2017_map_17869_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Prevalence of HIV and AIDS. 2017. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-HIV-and-AIDS_2017_map_17869_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Prevalence-of-HIV-and-AIDS_2017_map_17869_eng.zip Data]. [Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12549.c12549&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12548.c12548&t=A02&view=map10 2] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12550.c12550&t=A02&view=map10 3].]]
HIV infection and AIDS diagnosis is not usually listed as a risk factor in most studies as such; immunodeficiency is. However, this term is very broad and difficult to define. So a pathology like VIH-AIDS, with a well-established information system and a clear impact on the immune system, especially cell-mediated immunity, was opted for in this study.
