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[[File:Espana_Cronologia-de-la-prehistoria_2017_ilustracion_16026_spa.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Illustration: Prehistory timeline. Spain.]]
[[File:Enelaboracion.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Map: Lower Paleolithic. Human and material remains. Spain.<span style="color: #b20027; ">13972 [PDF]. [Datos]. </span>]]
The Lower Paleolithic covers a vast period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula. As illustrated in the figure, it spanned from 1,350,000 years ago to roughly 130,000 years BC, the period which is generally considered to mark the beginning of the Middle Paleolithic. The Lower Paleolithic coincides with the geological age of both the Lower (or possibly older) and Middle Pleistocene Epochs. The Lower Pleistocene had a warm climate similar to today´s Mediterranean environment in which the regular flow of water from rivers (greater in the Atlantic watershed than in the Mediterranean watershed) deposited sediment and produced fluvial terraces. The fauna typical of this time period was similar to that of the present-day African Savannah: large mammals such as elephants, panthers, saber-tooth tigers, hippopotamus, zebras, and hyenas. The Middle Pleistocene was marked by glaciations which transformed ecosystems and gave rise to mammals such as cave bears, rhinoceros, and mammoths.