286
edits
Changes
no edit summary
The Peninsula became an emirate (military and adminitrative territory) of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, which renounced further expansion to the west (Al-Andalus) after being defeated by the Franks of Charles Martel in Poitiers (732).<br>
The triumph of the rebellion of the Abbasids against the Umayyads (750) caused the flight of a young prince through North Africa to Córdoba, where he was proclaimed emir, but independent of Baghdad, the new capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. It was Abd-al Rahman I, who inaugurated the dynasty of the Spanish-Muslim Umayyads in 756.<br>
Meanwhile, between the eighth and ninth centuries, the Asturian kingdom extended east and west. New pockets of resistance emerged (the kingdom of Pamplona, counties of [https://turismojacetania.com/lugares.php?Id=139 Aragon], Sobrarbe, Ribagorza…). Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Emperor since 800, interposed a ''Marca Hispánica'' (an area of feudatory regions) in front of the Muslims territory, in the southeast of the Pyrenees. At the end of the ninth century, these Catalan counties were freed from Frankish dependence: Pallars, Urgell, Ampurias, Gerona and Barcelona.<br>
{{ANEAutoria
}}
Islamic Spain, which emerged when Abd-al Rahman III was proclaimed caliph, remained stable throughout the three centuries of the independent emirate of Baghdad (756-929) and the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbSoK0_CxNM Caliphate of Cordoba] (929-1031), both represented on the maps of the same name. The caliphate brought peninsular Islam to its zenith and slowed down the northern kingdoms. Its swan song was the rule of Almanzor (929-1002), the favourite of the caliph Hisham II, the terror of the Christians. Both maps show the ''kuras'', or provinces, which in the border areas had a military character.<br>
{|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-top: 0; float:left;margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-left: 0; width: 25%"
<ul style="text-align: center">
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top">
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Independent-Emirate-(756--929)_0756-0929_map_13993_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: AlTerritorial articulation of al-Andalus territorial organisation. The Independent Emirate. (756-929). 756-929. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">13993 [PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Independent-Emirate-(756--929)_0756-0929_map_13993_eng.pdf PDF]. [Datos//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Independent-Emirate-(756--929)_0756-0929_map_13993_eng.zip Data]. </span>]]
</li>
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top">
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Caliphate-of-Cordoba-(929--1031)_0929-1031_map_15089_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: AlTerritorial articulation of al-Andalus territorial organisation. Caliphate of de CórdobaCordoba (929-1031). 9290929-1031. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">15089 [PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Caliphate-of-Cordoba-(929--1031)_0929-1031_map_15089_eng.pdf PDF]. [Datos//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-Caliphate-of-Cordoba-(929--1031)_0929-1031_map_15089_eng.zip Data]. </span>]]
</li>
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top">
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-The-first-taifa-(1031--1086)_1031-1086_map_13995_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: AlTerritorial articulation of al-Andalus territorial organisation. The first taifastaifa (1031-1086). 1031-1086. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">13995 [PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-The-first-taifa-(1031--1086)_1031-1086_map_13995_eng.pdf PDF]. [Datos//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Territorial-articulation-of-al--Andalus.-The-first-taifa-(1031--1086)_1031-1086_map_13995_eng.zip Data]. </span>]]
</li>
</ul>
}}
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Configuration-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almoravid-Empire-(1086--1144)_1086-1147_map_13996_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Configuration of the christian Christian kingdoms . The almoravid empireAlmoravid Empire (1086-1144). 1086-11441147. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">13996 [PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Configuration-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almoravid-Empire-(1086--1144)_1086-1147_map_13996_eng.pdf PDF]. [Datos//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Configuration-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almoravid-Empire-(1086--1144)_1086-1147_map_13996_eng.zip Data]. </span>]][[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Confirmation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almohad-Empire-(1147--1232---48)_1147-1232_map_13997_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Confirmation of the christian Christian kingdoms. The almohad empire. Almohad Empire (1147-1232/48). 1147-1232. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">13997 PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Confirmation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almohad-Empire-(1147--1232---48)_1147-1232_map_13997_eng.pdf PDF]. [PDF//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Confirmation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms.-Almohad-Empire-(1147--1232---48)_1147-1232_map_13997_eng.zip Data]. [DatosREPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive]. </span>]][[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Consolidation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms-and-their-expansion_1150-1492_map_15094_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Consolidation and expansion of the Christian kingdomsand their expansion. 1150-1492. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">15094 PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Consolidation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms-and-their-expansion_1150-1492_map_15094_eng.pdf PDF]. [PDF//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Consolidation-of-the-Christian-kingdoms-and-their-expansion_1150-1492_map_15094_eng.zip Data]. [DatosREPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive]. </span>]]
The trail of a Hispanic Islam, once the caliphate had disappeared, and although generating a rich and flourishing cultural and economic period, was impossible because of the irrepressible pressure of the Christian kingdoms. The taifa kings successively called on the help of two warlike fundamentalist movements that emerged in North Africa: the Almoravids (11<sup>th</sup>-12<sup>th</sup> centuries) and the Almohads (12<sup>th</sup>-13<sup>th</sup> centuries). Nevertheless, for almost three centuries, the two North African empires were a suprastructure, more military and less political, with which the Spanish-Muslim aristocracies coexisted. Great victories of the Almoravids (Sagrajas and Uclés) and Almohads (Alarcos) did not reverse the situation in the Peninsula.<br>
|titulo=Repopulations
|contenido=
[[File:EnelaboracionSpain_Repopulations--from-appropiaton-to-charters-and-royal-concessions_0711-1250_map_13998_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: ResettlementsRepopulations:from presura appropiaton to the cartas pueblas charters and royal consessionsconcessions. 7110711-1250. Spain. <span style[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta="color: #b20027; ">13998 [PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Repopulations--from-appropiaton-to-charters-and-royal-concessions_0711-1250_map_13998_eng.pdf PDF]. [Datos//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Repopulations--from-appropiaton-to-charters-and-royal-concessions_0711-1250_map_13998_eng.zip Data]. </span>]]
<font style="color:#f29050">'''8<sup>th</sup> – 9<sup>th</sup> centuries'''</font>
With the advances to the South, it was necessary to populate the new territory. At first, some peasants, the ''foramontanos'', came down from the North and occupied these empty lands and some monks (Mozarabs) also went up fleeing from the Muslims and built monasterys. It was the Asturian-Leonese ''presura'' and the sub-Pyrenean ''aprisio'' system.
