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[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mapa: Recaudación tributaria del Estado. 2019-2020. España.]]
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Gráfico estadístico: Evolución de la recaudación tributaria del Estado. 2010-2020. España.]]
The impact of the pandemic on revenue may be assessed by taking two aspects into account. First, the evolution of tax collection before and during the health crisis. Second, the uneven geographical patterns of said tax collection as a result of the different productive and business structure in the various Spanish regions and thus the dissimilar income levels of citizens.
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</ul></div>An overall assessment of these figures allows sketching some general lines of interpretation. Firstly, the high degree of specialisation in tourism in the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) and the Canary Islands (Canarias) extended throughout their entire economic and social structures, including employment. This factor seriously limited the capacity of the public administrations to act by undermining their budgetary resources. Secondly, and conversely, diversified regional economies, such as the Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia), Navarre (Navarra), Cantabria and Extremadura, where industry and the agri-food sector account for a sizeable part of the productive structure, proved more resilient to the impacts of the pandemic. Consequently, more attention shall be paid to the productive sectors that are truly essential for the smooth running of society. Thirdly, the difficulties observed in industrial regions, such as Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña) and the Basque Country (Euskadi/País Vasco), and those hinged on the tertiary economy, such as the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid), were probably derived from their intense insertion and, therefore, increased exposure to global economic flows. Furthermore, for the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) and Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña) [more specifically Barcelona], being the headquarters of large corporations at a time when many were returning negative results entailed significant effects on tax revenue.
{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Public expenditure}}
[[Archivo:Espana_Gasto-del-Estado_2019-2020_mapa_18387_spa.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Mapa: Gasto del Estado. 2019-2020. España. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Gasto-del-Estado_2019-2020_mapa_18387_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Gasto-del-Estado_2019-2020_mapa_18387_spa.zip Datos].[//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s18387.s18387&i2=c12907.c12907&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map10E Versión interactiva].]]
[[Archivo:Espana_Gasto-autonomico-por-habitante_2020_mapa_18390_spa.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Mapa: Gasto autonómico por habitante. 2020. España. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Gasto-autonomico-por-habitante_2020_mapa_18390_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Gasto-autonomico-por-habitante_2020_mapa_18390_spa.zip Datos].[//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12928.c12928&t=A02&view=map10 Versión interactiva].]]
[[Archivo:Europa_Deficit-de-las-administraciones-publicas-en-los-paises-de-la-Union-Europea_2011-2020_mapa_18392_spa.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Mapa: Déficit de las administraciones públicas en los países de la Unión Europea. 2011-2020. Europa. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Deficit-de-las-administraciones-publicas-en-los-paises-de-la-Union-Europea_2011-2020_mapa_18392_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Deficit-de-las-administraciones-publicas-en-los-paises-de-la-Union-Europea_2011-2020_mapa_18392_spa.zip Datos].]]
[[Archivo:Espana_Deuda-acumulada-de-las-comunidades-autonomas_2008-2020_mapa_18391_spa.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Mapa: Deuda acumulada de las comunidades autónomas. 2008-2020. España. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Deuda-acumulada-de-las-comunidades-autonomas_2008-2020_mapa_18391_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_Deuda-acumulada-de-las-comunidades-autonomas_2008-2020_mapa_18391_spa.zip Datos].[//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_159_t.valor&s=2020&t=A02&view=map10 Versión interactiva].]]Las consecuencias sociales y económicas de la pandemia han puesto The pandemic tested the capacity of the Public Administrations (national, regional and local) to react to the effects of the crisis on the business fabric and on society in general, especially on a prueba la capacidad de las administraciones públicas para dar respuesta social level (health, education and labour market).On the one hand, the sharp drop in economic activity forced implementing and extending direct support mechanisms, such as furloughs, which mobilised large amount of resources to cushion the impact of the pandemic on employment and on the business fabric and pave the way for a las exigencias querapid recovery. On the other hand, en estas circunstancias excepcionalesbasic public services, ha planteado el tejido empresarial y el conjunto de la sociedadsuch as health and education, required additional funding to serve the population directly affected by the disease, roll out a mass vaccination programme, and ease non-face-to-face teaching modes and smaller student/teacher ratios. La implementación de políticas públicas tratando de paliar los efectos de la pandemia ha conducido As a result, the expenditure of the National Administration and its dependent agencies and bodies registered a un notable incremento del gasto en todos los niveles administrativosyear-on-year increase of 5.3% in 2020, reaching high levels of expenditure that were kept throughout 2021.This increase in expenditure was most remarkable at regional level as regions are responsible for providing public services linked to the welfare state, i.e. social services, health and education. In addition, regional administrations implemented where possible smaller initiatives to directly support economic activity, including the granting of subsidies to companies in those sectors that were most affected by restrictions, such as tourism and food and beverage services. Por un ladoThe expenditure incurred by the regions grew in 2020 by 17.2% with respect to the previous year. The increased expenditure was particularly significant in the regions with larger general financing deficit, la brusca caída experimentada por la actividad económica obligó a habilitar y extender mecanismos such as the Region of Valencia (Comunitat Valenciana), the Region of Murcia (Región de apoyo directo como los Expedientes de Regulación Temporal de Empleo Murcia) and Andalusia (ERTEAndalucía). The National Administration played a decisive role in enabling the regions to act by making credit available to them via the traditional Regional Liquidity Fund and also by creating specific funds, que ha precisado movilizar un importante volumen de recursos para amortiguar el impacto de la pandemia sobre el mercado de trabajosuch as the COVID Fund, pero también para preservar el tejido empresarial y permitir una recuperación más rápida de la actividadwhich mobilised 16 billion euro in 2020. Por otroThis fund was primarily distributed according to the incidence of the pandemic and size of the population in each region, servicios públicos básicosa marked departure from the criteria usually used to finance the regions within the general tax regime [NOTE: all regions in Spain are part of the general tax regime, como la salud y la educaciónexcept for the Basque Country(Euskadi/País Vasco) and Navarre (Navarra), han precisado de financiación adicional para atender which have a different tax collection regime]. The increase in public expenditure went hand in hand with a la población directamente afectada por la enfermedadsignificant reduction in tax revenues, desarrollar un programa de vacunación masivaresulting in a rise in the public deficit that was financed by issuing public debt. This was made possible by highly expansionary monetary policies from the European Central Bank, o facilitar la adopción de modos de enseñanza no presencial o con ratios alumnos/profesor más reducidoswhich kept negative interest rates and implemented aggressive programmes to purchase the public debt of its Member States. The decision of the European Union to suspend the rules of the Stability and Growth Pact allowed EU Member States to run ‘excessive’ public deficit avoiding any penalisations.
{{ANEAutoria|Autores= Juan Miguel Albertos Puebla y José Luis Sánchez Hernández}}
{{ANESubirArriba}}
{{ANENavegacionHermanos |anterior=[[Trabajo (monografía COVID-19)Labour market|TrabajoLabour market]] |siguiente=[[Educación (monografía COVID-19)Education|EducaciónEducation]] }}
{{ANEPaginaDescargas (monografía COVID-19)}}
[[Categoría:Estructura territorial]]