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{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=sección de la Monografía covid-19, sección II, pandemia, covid19, población absoluta, densidad de población, asentamientos rurales, concentración de la población, composición de la población, tercera edad, tamaño de los hogares, esperanza de vida, densidad de asentamientos, población en diseminado, prevalencia de EPOC, prevalencia de obesidad, prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, prevalencia de diabetes, infarto de miocardio, infarto de miocardio, SIDA|descripcion= Presentación cartográfica de la población, poblamiento y comorbilidad|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}
{{ANENavegacionCapitulo (monografía COVID-19)|estructura temática=Estructura temática|seccion=[[La pandemia COVID-19 en España|La pandemia COVID-19 en España]]|capitulo=Population, human settlements and comorbidities}}
This chapter focuses on some aspects that are present on a territory prior to the arrival of a disease and may favour or hinder the diffusion of the pandemic once the disease starts spreading, e.g. household overcrowding, healthy life years, age structure of the population, total amount of inhabitants per human settlement or the different types of human settlements. Population and human settlements are studied first in this chapter, whilst the text delves afterwards into a double-page devoted to comorbidities.
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Total population and population density. 2020. Spain. [ PDF]. [ Datos]. [ Versión interactiva].]]
There were 47,450,795 inhabitants in Spain as of 1 January 2020. This chapter focuses on some aspects that are present on a territory prior to means an average population density of 93.6 inhabitants/km2. It is the fourth State within the arrival European Union in terms of a disease total population and may favour or hinder the diffusion ranks seventeenth in terms of the pandemic once the disease starts spreading, epopulation density.g. household overcrowding, healthy life years, age structure The spatial distribution of the population, total amount of inhabitants per human settlement or in Spain shows at first glance a sharp contrast between a denser periphery –together with the islands– and a more empty hinterland –with the different types only exceptions of human settlements. Population Madrid, Saragossa (Zaragoza) and human settlements are studied first in this chapter, whilst Valladolid– (see the text delves afterwards into a double-page devoted to comorbiditiesmap on Total population and population density).
A second relevant spatial contrast is the uneven ratio of the population living in rural municipalities to those living in urban municipalities. The threshold used for setting the difference between rural and urban municipalities is the one set out in the Rural Development Act from 2007 which considers rural municipalities to be those with less than 5,000 inhabitants (see the map on Rural population). There were 47are 5,450690,795 617 inhabitants living in Spain as of 1 January 20206,837 rural municipalities across the country. This means an average 12% of the total population density and 84% of 93the total amount of municipalities.6 inhabitants/km2The spatial contrast is, however, in this case not as intense as in the spatial distribution of the population described before. It may be observed that there is less rural population in the fourth State within hinterland than along the European Union coast in absolute terms. Nevertheless, in relative terms , the percentage of rural population in relation to the total population of each province is higher in the hinterland than along the coast. Galicia stands out for its uniqueness in registering high figures in both absolute and ranks seventeenth relative terms. It shall be borne in terms of mind, however, that the criterion used for considering the population densityrural or urban is merely quantitative or statistical, not qualitative or functional. The spatial distribution Therefore, some municipalities have been considered rural even though most of the population inhabitants may be in Spain shows at first glance a sharp contrast between a denser periphery –together with fact related to the islands– and a more empty hinterland –with industry or the only exceptions of Madrid, Saragossa (Zaragoza) and Valladolid– (see service sector. This is the map on Total population case in many municipalities in tourist areas and population density)in peri-urban regions.
Three noteworthy facts may be observed on the map on [[File:| ''Urban macrocephaly'']]. In the first place, the coast from western Andalusia (Andalucía) to Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña) is well traced and a moderate dominance of major towns with a large amount of inhabitants is shown in this area. To a lesser extent, the Atlantic coast in Galicia, the northern coast, the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands are also well outlined. In the hinterland, however, only Madrid, Valladolid and Saragossa (Zaragoza) stand out. Secondly, there is a sharp contrast between the Northern Plateau and the Southern Plateau as the presence of major towns with a larger amount of inhabitants is more significant in the former. Finally, it shall be noted that the weight of the municipality with most residents on the total population of each province is more significant in the northern half of the Spanish hinterland as well as in Madrid than in the rest of the country. It is also worthy of mention that the municipality with most residents within each province is the capital town of the province except for three cases out of fifty, i.e. Pontevedra, Asturias and Cádiz, where Vigo, Gijón/Xixón and Jerez de la Frontera are the largest towns in these provinces.
