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The Modern Age began on the Iberian Peninsula during the joint reign of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469-1504/1516) and ended with the Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814). There were two dynasties that ruled throughout that period, the Habsburgs dynasty (1517-1700) and the Bourbons one; the latter since the childless death of Charles II.<br>
During the 15th century, the dynastic link between Castile and Aragon was very strong as well as that between Castile and Portugal. The Aragonese Trastámaras all married Castilian queens, while the Castilians almost all married Portuguese queens. The result was a civil war that Isabella, daughter of Juan II of Castile, supported by Aragon, won against Juana la Beltraneja, daughter of Enrique IV, (Isabella’s stepbrother), supported by Portugal.<br>
The Canary Islands were incorporated into the Castilian-Aragonese dynastic union, through a colonising occupation. Also were incorporated the Kingdom of Granada, in what many have called “the last medieval war”, and the Kingdom of Navarra, which was occupied by a Castilian army with the support of the noble side of the beamonteses.<br>
The Catholic Monarchs developed a policy of marriage agreements with Portugal, England and the House of Burgundy-Habsburg. Their goal was to encircle an old enemy, France and their dream was to complete the peninsular union, which failed due to successive deaths. The result was the enthronement of the Habsburg dynasty, whose first king was their grandson, Charles I of Spain (1516), who also became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V four years later.<br>
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|epigrafe=The distribution of territories: Tordesillas and Saragossa}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The unexpected America}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Spain before Imperial Europe}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The huge heritage of Philip II}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The Pax Hispanica}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The failure of the Habsburg project}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Bourbon Reformism}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The administration of the territory in Spain and America}} {{ANEAutoria|Autores=XXX}} {{ANESubirArriba}} {{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=The Enlightenment culture
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