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[[File:Logo MonografíaValladolid_Monthly-evolution-in-ultraviolet-radiation-in-Valladolid_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18421_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Monthly evolution in ultraviolet radiation in Valladolid. 2019-2020. Valladolid.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaValencia_Monthly-evolution-in-ultraviolet-radiation-in-Valencia-(airport)_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18422_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Monthly evolution in ultraviolet radiation in València(airport). 2019-2020. València.]]
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During the initial phases of the pandemic, there were more infections in the north of Spain, which has colder night-time temperatures than the southern half of the country and the Mediterranean coast. It also spread more quickly in big cities, such as Madrid and Bilbao, where air quality is poorer than in less populated areas. The contrasting temperatures in February on the maps on ''[[:File:Average February temperature 1981-2010|Average February temperature 1981-2010]]'' and ''[[:File:Average Spain_Average-February temperature 2020-temperature_2020_map_18393_eng.jpg|Average February temperature 2020]]'' clearly depict these facts. In March 2020, however, the previously settled atmospheric conditions gave way to instability, frequent storms and rain. Consequently, just as the state of alarm was enacted and the population went into lockdown, the unstable atmospheric conditions and reduction in human activity combined to clean the air and reduce pollution levels. Despite this, the cooler temperatures bred more favourable conditions for the spread of the virus.
The map showing figures on solar insolation in March 2020 compared to the average in March from 1981 to 2010 shows the frequency of cloudy and overcast days registered at the start of the pandemic. From May onwards, the general rise in temperatures contributed to reducing infection and helped slow the pandemic.
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[[File:Logo MonografíaBarcelona_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Barcelona-(airport)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18406_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Barcelona(airport). 1981-2020. Barcelona.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaBilbao_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Bilbao-(airport)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18408_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Bilbao(airport). 1981-2020. Bilbao.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaGran-Canaria_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Gran-Canaria-(airport)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18411_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Gran Canaria(airport). 1981-2020. Gran Canaria.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaLogrono_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Logrono-(airport)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18410_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Logroño(airport). 1981-2020. Logroño.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaMadrid_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Madrid-(Retiro)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18407_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Madrid(Retiro). 1981-2020. Madrid.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaPalma_Evolution-in-the-average-daily-temperature-in-February-in-Palma-(port)_1981-2020_statisticalgraph_18409_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the average daily temperature in february February in Palma(port). 1981-2020. Palma.]]
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[[File:Spain_Evolution-in-the-demand-for-electricity_2019-2020_map_18621_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Evolution in the demand for electricity. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Evolution-in-the-demand-for-electricity_2019-2020_map_18621_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Evolution-in-the-demand-for-electricity_2019-2020_map_18621_eng.zip Data]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]]
[[File:Spain_Electricity-production-and-year--on--year-variation_2019-2020_map_18577_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Electricity production and year-on-year variation. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Electricity-production-and-year--on--year-variation_2019-2020_map_18577_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Electricity-production-and-year--on--year-variation_2019-2020_map_18577_eng.zip Data]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]]
[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-demand-for-electricity_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18622_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph:Evolution in the demand for electricity. 2019-2020. Spain.]][[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Monthly-evolution-in-electricity-production_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18576_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Monthly evolution in electricity production. 2019-2020. Spain.]]
Energy is an essential and strategic resource for the socio-economic development of a country. The COVID-19 pandemic altered social behaviour, especially during the initial phases of lockdown. These changes directly impacted energy production and energy consumption in Spain in line with the rest of the European Union.
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-petroleum-product-consumption_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18579_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in petroleum product consumption. 2019-2020. Spain.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-sector_2000-2020_statisticalgraph_18610_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in greenhouse gas emissions by sector. 2000-2020. Spain.]][[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-estimation-of-emissions-without-COVID--19_2018-2020_statisticalgraph_18613_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in greenhouse gas emissions and estimation of emissions without COVID-19. 2018-2020. Spain.]]
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