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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Energy}}
[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-demand-for-electricity_2019-2020_map_18621_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: Evolution in the demand for electricity. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionthe-endemand-lafor-Unionelectricity_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18621_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionthe-endemand-lafor-Unionelectricity_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18621_eng.zip DatosData]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]][[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Electricity-production-and-year--on--year-variation_2019-2020_map_18577_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Electricity production and year-on-year varationvariation. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Electricity-production-and-year-de-poblacionon-en-layear-Unionvariation_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18577_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Electricity-production-and-year-de-poblacionon-en-layear-Unionvariation_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18577_eng.zip DatosData]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]]
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph:Evolution in the demand for electricity. 2019-2020. Spain.]]
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Monthly evolution in electricity production. 2019-2020. Spain.]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-petrol-and-diesel-consumption_2019-2020_map_18580_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Evolution in petrol and diesel consumption. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionpetrol-enand-ladiesel-Unionconsumption_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18580_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionpetrol-enand-ladiesel-Unionconsumption_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18580_eng.zip DatosData]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]]
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-natural-gas-consumption_2019-2020_map_18581_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Evolution in natural gas consumption. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionnatural-engas-laconsumption_2019-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18581_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Evolution-dein-poblacionnatural-engas-laconsumption_2019-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18581_eng.zip DatosData]. [REPLACE_WITH_GEOCLIP_URL_OR_DELETE_LINK Interactive].]]
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[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Noise pollution in Madrid during lockdown. 2019-2020. Spain.]]The World Health Organisation regards noise pollution as the second most dangerous environmental risk for the population, after air pollution. Specifically, the European Environment Agency (EEA) estimates that 20% of the European population is exposed to levels of long-term noise pollution (threshold of 55 dB during the day and 45 dB at night) that endanger their health by leading to hearing loss, mental health issues and a reduced quality of life.
[[File:Logo MonografíaMadrid_Variation-in-noise-levels-in-Madrid-during-lockdown_2019-2020_map_18614_eng.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Variation in noise levels in Madrid during lockdown. 2019-2020. Madrid. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadMadrid_Variation-dein-poblacionnoise-levels-in-enMadrid-laduring-Unionlockdown_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18614_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadMadrid_Variation-dein-poblacionnoise-levels-enin-laMadrid-during-Unionlockdown_2019-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18614_eng.zip DatosData].]]The spread of coronavirus was linked to air pollution, as mentioned above, but also to noise pollution, which raises stress levels and weakens the immune system. Thus, according to hospital and intensive care unit admission rates, the incidence of coronavirus infection and the severity of its symptoms are directly related to environmental noise levels. However, environmental noise does not influence mortality (Díaz ''et al.,'' 2021).
During the weeks under lockdown and mobility restrictions in March, April and May 2020, there was a significant fall in noise pollution from road, air and maritime traffic (including underwater noise) and from leisure activities in public spaces. In addition to the policies undertaken by local authorities, it is worth highlighting initiatives kickstarted by many volunteers, such as ''Smart Citizen'' in Spain or ''Silent Cities'' in various countries around the world, which yielded some interesting results –although they shall be understood as an approximation–. These initiatives enabled setting minimum ground noise levels.
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Trends-in-wasterwater-pollution-by-SARS--COV--2_2020_map_18589_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: Trends in wastewater wasterwater pollution by SARS-CoVCOV-2. 2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Trends-in-wasterwater-depollution-poblacionby-SARS-en-laCOV-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2_2020_map_18589_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Trends-in-wasterwater-depollution-poblacionby-SARS-en-laCOV-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2_2020_map_18589_eng.zip DatosData].]]Amongst the activities deemed as being essential by the regulations passed during the state of alarm, were those involving water processing and water supply. Specifically, the Order on essential water services (Order SND/274/2020 of 22 March), adopting measures concerning water for human consumption and wastewater processing, set that the organisations responsible for water processing were providing an essential service and, as such, must be able to source the products and materials necessary to carry out their work with guarantees and in compliance with current health regulations. Also, Royal Decree Law 11/2020 considered that water supply must be guaranteed whilst the state of alarm was in force, and could only be withheld from individuals in their usual residence for supply security reasons (AEOPAS, 2021).
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[[File:Logo MonografíaSeville_Variation-in-the-vegetation-index-in-the-city-of-Seville-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2017-2020_map_18583_eng.jpg||rightleft|thumb|300px|Map: Variation in the vegetation index in the city of Seville during the first wave of the pandemic. 2017-2020. Seville. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSeville_Variation-dein-the-vegetation-poblacionindex-enin-lathe-Unioncity-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaof-Seville-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2017-2020_map_18583_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSeville_Variation-in-the-vegetation-index-dein-poblacionthe-encity-laof-Seville-during-the-first-wave-of-the-Unionpandemic_2017-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa2020_map_18583_eng.zip DatosData].]]
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