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{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=pandemia, covid19, empresas en situación de ERTEcompanies using furlough schemes, expediente de regulación temporal de empleofurlough schemes, contratos de trabajo en la pandemiaemployment contracts during the pandemic, teletrabajo en la pandemiahome office during the pandemic, población afiliada a la seguridad social durante la pandemiaworkers affiliated to the Social Security System during the first wave of the pandemic, regímenes de la seguridad socialunemployment, población paradabeneficiaries of unemployment, prestaciones por desempleo en la pandemiahouseholds with all active members are unemployment, hogares con todos sus miembros en parohouseholds income, ingresos de los hogares, ingreso mínimo vital national Minimum Subsistence Income |descripcion=Análisis del trabajo a través de mapas y gráficos estadísticos del Analysis of the labour market through statistical maps and graphs from the National Atlas Nacional de Españaof Spain.|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo_Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}
{{ANENavegacionCapitulo (monografía COVID-19)|estructura=[[Estructura temática (monografía COVID-19)|Estructura temática]]|seccion=[[Social,_economic_and_environmental_effects|Social, economic and environmental effects]]|capitulo=Labour market}}
{{ANENavegacionHermanos |anterior=[[Economic_indicators_and_productive_sectors|Economic indicators and productive sectors]] |siguiente=[[Public_finance_(COVID-19_monograph)|Public finance]] }}
[[File:Spain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18359_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Evolution in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system. 2019-2020. Spain.]]
Assessing the labour market becomes crucial when rating an economy, its dynamism, the social welfare and the income level of the population. The labour market is made up of people, some of whom offer their labour in exchange for a salary that enables them to live, and some of whom demand this labour to produce the goods they sell and are willing to pay these salaries in return.
The Spanish labour market has some unique characteristics that make it highly vulnerable to any negative impact, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between supply and demand for labour suffered a major downturn in Spain in March 2020 that had a heavy impact on the behaviour of the main indicators on the labour market and utterly modified the trends seen before the setback.
The amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system is an indicator on the capacity of the labour market to grow or reduce formal employment. The amount of affiliated workers followed the usual patterns throughout 2019, as may observed on the graph on the [[:File:Spain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18359_eng.jpg| ''Evolution in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system'']], i.e. starting from a low level in January and then steadily rising in the months leading up to the summer period, after which it remained virtually stagnant, except for slight reductions towards the end of August and December. This pattern is indicative of the seasonality of the Spanish economy and is more evident in the General Scheme of the Social Security system than in the Special Scheme for Self-Employed Workers.
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System_2018-2019_map_17823_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Trabajadores afiliados a la Seguridad Workers affiliated to the Social según régimenSecurity System. 2018-2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System_2018-2019_map_17823_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-System_2018-2019_map_17823_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17823.s17823&i2=c12229.c12229&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17824_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Trabajadores afiliados a la Seguridad Workers affiliated to the Social en la primera ola de la pandemiaSecurity system during the first wave of the pandemic. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17824_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Workers-affiliated-to-the-Social-Security-system-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17824_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17824.s17824&i2=c12235.c12235&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map9 Interactive version]. ]]
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</ul></div>This pattern continued towards the beginning of 2020, but was suddenly interrupted by the state of alarm on 14 March, which brought all ‘non-essential economic activities’ to a halt. This had a major impact on the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system. From 14 to 31 March, affiliations plummeted. The Social Security system lost 898,822 affiliated workers in just one month, of which 855,081 were affiliated to the General Scheme (equivalent to a drop of 5.63%) and 40,877 to the Special Scheme for Self-Employed Workers (equivalent to a reduction of 1.25%).
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<div><ul style="text-align: left; margin-bottomtop: 0>{{ANETextoAsociado48ANETextoAsociado49|titulo=EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS|contenido=[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Employment-contracts-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18159_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Contratos de trabajo durante la pandemiaEmployment contracts during the pandemic. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Employment-contracts-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18159_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Employment-contracts-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18159_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s18159.s18159&i2=c12635.c12635&t=A01&t2=A02&view=map10 Interactive version]. ]]The drop in the amount of workers affiliated to the Social Security system who had temporary contracts (-17.30%) was much sharper than amongst those with permanent contracts (-1.92%). However, new contracts were signed in all regions, most of them temporary, as shown on the map on [[:File:Spain_Employment-contracts-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_18159_eng.jpg| ''Employment Contracts during the pandemic'']]. This map depicts the amount of employment contracts -both temporary and permanent- registered in the National Public Employment Service throughout the first wave of the pandemic. The variation in the amount of new contracts signed in 2020 in relation to those signed in the same period in 2019 is shown on the choropleth. The downturn in the labour market explains why this variation was negative in all regions, although not to the same degree. New contracts fell the most in the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears) (-72.3%), followed by the Canary Islands (Canarias) and some regions in northern Spain, with a negative variation ranging from -50% to -60%. Andalusia (Andalucía), the Region of Valencia (Comunitat Valenciana), Aragón, Navarre (Navarra) and La Rioja registered slightly lower decreases, of -40% to -50%. Falls registered in Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha (Castilla-La Mancha) were around -30% to -40%. Only in the Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia) was the fall somewhat lower (-28.5%).}}<ul style="text-align: left; margin-top: 0>{{ANETextoAsociado48ANETextoAsociado49|titulo=HOME OFFICE|contenido=[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Home-office-during-the-pandemic_2020_map_18158_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Teletrabajo durante la pandemiaHome office during the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Home-office-during-the-pandemic_2020_map_18158_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Home-office-during-the-pandemic_2020_map_18158_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12629.c12629&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12630.c12630&t=A02&view=map10 2] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12631.c12631&t=A02&view=map10 3]. ]]
Many companies and public administrations could only continue their activity during lockdown in spring 2020 by allowing their employees to work from home. A previously scarcely used labour format became almost overnight a large-scale experiment to test the possibilities offered by this way of managing the production process. According to the Labour Force Survey, at least 20% of employees in Spain were in home office during this period.
Figures highlight significant differences by region and sex. From a spatial point of view, the Region of Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid) stands out, as over 30% of employees were in home office. This contrasts with the Canary Islands (Canarias), La Rioja, Navarre (Navarra) and the Region of Murcia (Región de Murcia) where only under 15% of employees worked from home. In terms of gender, more women than men were in home office in most of the regions, especially in Aragón, Extremadura and the town of Melilla.
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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Paro registradoRegistered unemployment}}
[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-registered-unemployment_2015-2020_statisticalgraph_17839_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Gráfico estadísticoStatistical graph: Evolución del paro registradoEvolution in registered unemployment. 2015-2020. EspañaSpain.]]Uno de los rasgos más característicos del impacto inmediato de la One of the immediate effects of the health crisis sanitaria sobre el mercado de trabajo ha sido que muchas personas no han podido desarrollar las tareas que habitualmente realizabanon the labour market was that many people were unable to carry out the tasks they usually performed. Por una parte, muchos ocupados han visto suspendida su actividad debido al cierre casi total que conllevó el estado de alarma inicial y que solo permitió la continuidad de aquellas actividades que, como se ha dicho antesCountless people saw their economic activity suspended by the economic shutdown following the state of alarm on 14 March, se consideraron esencialeswith exceptions only being made for activities that were considered ‘essential’. Con la apertura parcial, y a medida que se fueron relajando las restricciones impuestas en el mes de marzo de 2020As restrictions were gradually loosened in May and June, algunas de estas personas pudieron retomar su actividad laboralsome workers were able to return to work, pero otras muchas siguieron sin poder trabajar al menos temporalmenteyet many others were not. En este segundo grupo hay que incluir a los que no perdieron su empleo, debido a que sus empresas se pudieron acoger a las medidas que se pusieron en marcha a instancias del Gobierno, acordadas por los agentes sociales y aprobadas en el ParlamentoThis second group included those whose companies made use of the exceptional measures put in place by the national government through the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (agreed upon by employers and unions and approved in Parliament), para lograr mantener los puestos de trabajo, ya fuese con reducción parcial o total de la jornada laboralwhich allowed employers to reduce working hours and even suspend contracts. Pero, otra parte de la población ocupada no pudo incorporarse a su empleo anteriorAlso in this group were those unable to return to work, bien porque la empresa no pudo asumir las pérdidas por el cierre temporal y no pudo reabrireither because the company could not withstand the temporary shutdown and folded or because the company adjusted its workforce once economy opened again, o bien porque con la vuelta a la actividad la empresa reajustó su plantilla prescindiendo de algunos trabajadores o no renovó algunos contratos temporales que habían finalizadowhat made some employees redundant.
[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro registrado según sexo y edadRegistered unemployment by sex and age. 2018-2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17837_a.s17837_a&i2=c12242.c12242&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17837_b.s17837_b&i2=c12242.c12242&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 2] .]][[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro registrado según sexo y edad durante la primera ola de la pandemiaRegistered unemployment by sex and age during the first wave of the pandemic. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17838_a.s17838_a&i2=c12249.c12249&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 1] Una parte de las personas que perdieron su empleo pasaron, a efectos estadísticos, de ser considerados ocupados a ser desempleados buscando trabajo[//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index. Y otra parte de este colectivo, optó por abandonar el mercado laboral pasando de ocupados a inactivosphp#c=indicator&i=s17838_b. Los parados o desempleados son personas que no tienen un empleo, están disponibles para trabajar y buscan empleo de forma activas17838_b&i2=c12249.c12249&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 2] .]]
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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Paro según la Encuesta de Población ActivaEstimated unemployment according to the Labour Force Survey}}
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Estimated-unemployment-by-sex_2019_map_17845_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro estimado según sexoEstimated unemployment by sex. 2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_ParoSpain_Estimated-estimadounemployment-segunby-sexo_2019_mapa_17845_spasex_2019_map_17845_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_ParoSpain_Estimated-estimadounemployment-segunby-sexo_2019_mapa_17845_spasex_2019_map_17845_eng.zip DatosData] . [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17845.s17845&i2=c12267.c12267&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map10 Versión interactivaInteractive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Estimated-unemployment-by-sex-during-the-fisrt-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17846_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro estimado según sexo durante la primera ola de la pandemiaEstimated unemployment by sex during the fisrt wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-unemployment-by-sex-during-the-fisrt-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17846_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-unemployment-by-sex-during-the-fisrt-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17846_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17846.s17846&i2=c12271.c12271&t=A03&t2=A02&view=map10 Interactive version].]]
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</ul></div>Por ejemploFor example, los trabajadores afectados por un expediente de regulación temporal de empleo (ERTE) no se consideran parados, aunque no estén trabajando, si bien es cierto que conservan su empleo y están percibiendo una retribuciónfurloughed workers were not classified as unemployed –even though they were not working– as they continued to be linked to their company and received payments from the government to a large proportion of their salaries. Otra muestra de la dificultad de hacer una lectura certera de la estadística mencionada aparece en lo sucedido con quienes perdieron su empleo en el segundo trimestre, más de un millón de personasAnother example of the challenges involved in taking an accurate reading of these statistics is the situation affecting the over a million people who lost their jobs in the second quarter of the year. La gran mayoría de ellas no pudieron ser consideradas paradas porque no pudieron buscar activamente empleo, un requisito fundamental en la definición estadística de desempleo y, por tantoThe vast majority of these could not be officially considered ‘unemployed’ as they could not actively seek employment during lockdown, casi un millón de trabajadores pasaron which is a ser considerados inactivoskey requirement for the statistical definition of unemployment. De este modoTherefore, la población inactiva aumentó ythese workers were considered ‘inactive’, por el contrariowhich meant that although the inactive population increased, la población parada no lo hizo tanto como cabía esperarconversely unemployed did not grow to the extent that may have been expected.
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<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align:top">[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Estimated-youth-unemployment_2019_map_17847_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro juvenil estimadoEstimated youth unemployment. 2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-youth-unemployment_2019_map_17847_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-youth-unemployment_2019_map_17847_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17847a.s17847a&i2=c12256.c12256&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17847b.s17847b&i2=c12256.c12256&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map10 2].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Estimated-youth-unemployment-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17848_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Paro juvenil estimado durante la primera ola de la pandemiaEstimated youth unemployment during the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-youth-unemployment-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17848_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Estimated-youth-unemployment-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_17848_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17848a.s17848a&i2=c12263.c12263&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map100 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17848b.s17848b&i2=c12263.c12263&t=A02&t2=A02&view=map10 2].]]
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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Expedientes de Regulación Temporal de EmpleoFurlough Schemes}} [[File:Spain_Furloughed-workers_2020_map_17849_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Furloughed workers. 2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Furloughed-workers_2020_map_17849_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Furloughed-workers_2020_map_17849_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17849.s17849&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Companies-using-furlough-schemes-according-to-economic-sector_2020_statisticalgraph_17876_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaStatistical graph: Empresas en situación de ERTECompanies using furlough schemes according to economic sector. 2020. EspañaSpain. ]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Companies-using-furlough-schemes_2020_map_17874_eng.jpg|leftright|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Población afectada por ERTECompanies using furlough schemes. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Companies-using-furlough-schemes_2020_map_17874_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Companies-using-furlough-schemes_2020_map_17874_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17874.s17874&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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</ul></div>Los datos registrados en el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal, entre mayo y junio de Data registered by the National Public Employment Service for the months of May and June 2020show that Furlough Schemes were predominantly used in the service sector, ponen de manifiesto que el uso de los ERTE ha estado muy ligado particularly in commerce and the food and beverage services. To a unas determinadas actividades productivas muy relacionadas con el sector servicioslesser extent, Furlough Schemes were also used in professional and administrative services, education, entre las que destacan de manera especial la hostelería y el comercio. Aunque también se han aplicado en aquellos servicios de carácter profesional o administrativosports, en la educaciónculture, los deportessocial services, la cultura y los servicios socialesmanufacturing and construction. Y también en la manufactura y la construcción. En todos los casosRestrictions and limitations being loosened and then lifted after lockdown and the gradual return to ‘new normal life’ from May 2020, la flexibilización de las restricciones tras el confinamiento y la vuelta gradual led in all cases to a la ''nueva normalidad'' desde el mes de mayo de drop in uptakes by June 2020 ayudaron a que el número de registros se redujese en el mes de junio.Los datos sobre empresas que se han acogido Data on companies using Furlough Schemes, as well as on employees who received unemployment benefits as a un ERTEresult of being affected by this mechanism, así como sobre personas ocupadas afectadas por este tipo de procedimientos de regulación de empleoshow that the vast majority were due to force majeure and job suspension in the second quarter of 2020, que son beneficiarias de prestaciones por desempleowith far fewer being used for objective reasons or to allow partial unemployment. The maps show that Furlough Schemes were more commonly used in areas of Spain where the local economy is largely based on the service sector, ponen de manifiesto que la gran mayoría de los registros a lo largo del segundo trimestre de 2020in general, han sido de fuerza mayor y de suspensión de empleoand the food and beverage services, siendo mucho menor el peso de otras razones y la situación de desempleo parcialin particular.
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{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=DesempleoUnemployment, pobreza y protección poverty and socialprotection}}
[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Beneficiaries-of-unemployment-benefits_2019-2020_map_17873_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Beneficiarios de prestaciones de desempleoBeneficiaries of unemployment benefits. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_BeneficiariosSpain_Beneficiaries-deof-prestacionesunemployment-debenefits_2019-desempleo_2019-2020_mapa_17873_spa2020_map_17873_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Espana_BeneficiariosSpain_Beneficiaries-deof-prestacionesunemployment-debenefits_2019-desempleo_2019-2020_mapa_17873_spa2020_map_17873_eng.zip DatosData]. Versiones interactivas Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17873a.s17873a&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17873b.s17873b&t=A02&view=map10 2].]][[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Households-with-no-income_2019-2020_map_17855_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Hogares sin ingresosHouseholds with no income. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-with-no-income_2019-2020_map_17855_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-with-no-income_2019-2020_map_17855_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12273.c12273&t=A02&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12274.c12274&t=A02&view=map10 2].]][[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-households-with-no-income_2005-2020_statisticalgraph_17864_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Gráfico estadísticoStatistical graph: Evolución de los hogares sin ingresosEvolution in the amount of households with no income. 2005-2020. EspañaSpain.]][[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Households-where-all-active-members-are-unemployed_2020_map_18363_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Hogares con todos sus miembros activos en paroHouseholds where all active members are unemployed. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-where-all-active-members-are-unemployed_2020_map_18363_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-where-all-active-members-are-unemployed_2020_map_18363_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12855.c12855&t=A02&view=map10 Interactive version]. ]][[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-households-where-all-active-members-are-unemployed_2005-2020_statisticalgraph_18364_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Gráfico estadísticoStatistical graph: Evolución de los hogares con todos sus miembros activos en paroEvolution in the amount of households where all active members are unemployed. 2005-2020. EspañaSpain.]]Las primeras estimaciones sobre el impacto económico de la pandemia en Europa confirman que la tasa de pobreza está aumentando en muchos paísesThe first estimates of the impact of the pandemic on economy in Europe confirm that poverty rate is increasing in many states. AsíIn spite of the emergency measures put in force by the governments, y the current situation is breeding a pesar de las medidas de choque, esta situación está provocando un aumento en las diferencias de ingresos entre países, reduciendo la cohesión rise in income disparities between states and reducing the social y and territorial del continentecohesion of the continent. Los países del surStates in the south, y España en and Spain in particular, tienen menos empleos susceptibles de trabajo remoto y quienes pueden acceder a él son trabajadores de mayor cualificación y salario que en otros países centroeuropeoshave fewer jobs that may be carried out using home office, yet those who may work from home tend to be more qualified and have higher salaries than in other central European states. AdemásIn addition, los trabajos esenciales en las economías del sur contienen una menor proporción de empleos de cualificación media y bajafewer medium and low-skilled jobs were deemed as being ‘essential’ in southern European states, lo que hace prever que el impacto de la pandemia en las rentas más bajas sea significativamente mayor que en otros paísessuggesting that the impact of the pandemic on lower-income households was more significant than in other states.
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Households-receiving-Regional-Minimum-Income-benefits_2019_map_18209_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Hogares que reciben rentas mínimas autonómicasHouseholds receiving Regional Minimum Income benefits. 2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-receiving-Regional-Minimum-Income-benefits_2019_map_18209_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-receiving-Regional-Minimum-Income-benefits_2019_map_18209_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12821.c12821&t=A02&view=map10 Interactive version]. ]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Households-in-poverty-receiving-regional-minimum-income-benefits_2019_map_18210_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Hogares en situación de pobreza que reciben rentas mínimas autonómicasHouseholds in poverty receiving regional minimum income benefits. 2019. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-in-poverty-receiving-regional-minimum-income-benefits_2019_map_18210_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Households-in-poverty-receiving-regional-minimum-income-benefits_2019_map_18210_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12822.c12822&t=A02&view=map10 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household_2020_map_18207_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Prestaciones del ingreso mínimo vital en los hogaresBenefits from the National Minimum Subsistence Income by household. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household_2020_map_18207_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household_2020_map_18207_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12649.c12649&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household-in-poverty_2020_map_18208_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|MapaMap: Hogares en situación de pobreza que reciben el ingreso mínimo vitalBenefits from the National Minimum Subsistence Income by household in poverty. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household-in-poverty_2020_map_18208_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Benefits-from-the-National-Minimum-Subsistence-Income-by-household-in-poverty_2020_map_18208_eng.zip Data]. [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c12686.c12686&t=A02&view=map10 Interactive version].]]
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{{ANEAutoria|Autores= Ana Arriba González de Durana, Olga Cantó Sánchez, Inmaculada Cebrián López y and Gloria Moreno Raymundo}}
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