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One of the immediate effects of the health crisis on the labour market was that many people were unable to carry out the tasks they usually performed. Countless people saw their economic activity suspended by the economic shutdown following the state of alarm on 14 March, with exceptions only being made for activities that were considered ‘essential’. As restrictions were gradually loosened in May and June, some workers were able to return to work, yet many others were not. This second group included those whose companies made use of the exceptional measures put in place by the national government through the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (agreed upon by employers and unions and approved in Parliament), which allowed employers to reduce working hours and even suspend contracts. Also in this group were those unable to return to work, either because the company could not withstand the temporary shutdown and folded or because the company adjusted its workforce once economy opened again, what made some employees redundant.
[[File:Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Registered unemployment by sex and age. 2018-2019. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age_2018-2019_map_17837_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17843s17837_a.s17843s17837_a&i2=c12305c12242.c12305c12242&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17837_b.s17837_b&i2=c12242.c12242&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map9 Interactive versionmap10 2].]][[File:Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Registered unemployment by sex and age during the first wave of the pandemic. 2019-2020. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Registered-unemployment-by-sex-and-age-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2019-2020_map_17838_eng.zip Data]. Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17844s17838_a.s17844s17838_a&i2=c12326c12249.c12326c12249&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map10 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=s17838_b.s17838_b&i2=c12249.c12249&t=A02&t2=A03&view=map9 Interactive versionmap10 2].]]
Some of the workers who lost their jobs were classified as unemployed for statistical purposes (unemployed are considered those who do not have a job but are available to work and actively seeking employment). Others chose to leave the labour market and join the economically inactive population. The amount of people classified as unemployed depends on the requirements that shall be met to be considered as such. There are two statistical sources usually used to measure unemployment, i.e. ‘registered unemployment’ carried out by the National Public Employment Service, and ‘estimated unemployment according to the Labour Force Survey’, accomplished by the National Statistics Institute. These data are produced by two different institutions and have differing public purposes, i.e. the former aims at protecting jobs, whilst the latter is purely statistical. They provide different pieces of information and measure different concepts. Therefore, their figures differ.
