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<span style="color: #17aded">'''La Reseña Geográfica y Estadística de España'''</span>
[[ArchivoFile:Mapa españa 1M500.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Mapa de España a escala 1:1.500.000 formado por Ibáñez de Íbero con motivo de la división del territorio en zonas militares.]][[ArchivoFile:Lluvia media anual.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mapa de distribución de la lluvia media anual. Este mapa temático aparece en el primer tomo de la Reseña Geográfica y Estadística de España que está dedicado a la descripción del territorio.]]
The first experiences in the creation of a national atlas at the Geographical and Statistical Institute (IGE) date back to 1880, when General Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero, Director of the Institute, launched the project for the creation of the "Geographical and Statistical Review of Spain", with the aim of updating it annually.
It was a major project, and as Ibáñez de Íbero pointed out in the prologue, in order to be carried out successfully, "the collaboration of the other management centres was indispensable, as was the collaboration of the authorities of all orders, including the prelates, and of some scientific establishments".
Despite the intention to update and reprint, it took almost a quarter of a century for a new Reseña Geográfica y Estadística de España to be published, this time in three volumes, published successively in 1912, at the beginning of 1913 and at the end of 1914. The great innovation of this edition was the inclusion of some thematic cartographic sheets, statistical graphs and topographical profiles. This was possible, among other factors, due to the fact that the increase in resources at the Institute allowed the creation of the Graphic Arts Section, which did not exist when the first edition of the Reseña was produced.
[[ArchivoFile:Grupos temáticos.jpg|25px|http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#resenas]] [http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#resenas Antecedentes: Reseñas geográficas y estadísticas]
The cartographic techniques used in that edition contributed to the learning and practice of a new working methodology, different from the one that had been used until then, obtaining a considerable improvement in the quality of the final product.
[[ArchivoFile:L 40 horas sol.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Mapa perteneciente a la lámina 40 que representa la duración del tiempo medio de insolación a lo largo de todo el año a escala 1:4.000.000]][[ArchivoFile:L 87 nucleos comerciales.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mapa de la lámina 87 que recoge las zonas o áreas de atracción comercial y los núcleos comerciales de principal importancia a escala 1:2.000.000]]The technique, engraved glass, was used in very few countries at that time and it was necessary to import the patent from Switzerland. The team gained considerable experience and quality in their work. A further advance was the use of the stabilene technique. For the first time, a 1:500,000 scale representation of the entire national territory was achieved. The data were obtained from the National Topographic Map at a scale of 1:50,000, which was completed prior to this work.
Despite the many difficulties that hindered the completion of the project, the 28 geographical sheets and 24 of the 72 thematic sheets from the original 100 projected, were published in 1965. A Geographical Review of 227 pages and a Toponymic Index consisting of 176 pages and approximately 40,000 toponyms were published later. The last updates of some of the (non-thematic) geographical sheets were produced in the 1980s.
Although the Atlas remained unfinished due to circumstances beyond the control of the work team, and the tools used for the elaboration of the maps have been considerably improved, the scientific approach with which the work was promoted was well conceived and even ahead of its time. For the first time in Spain there was a work that synthesised through cartographic language the physical and human geography of the country, essential material for the governmental management of the territory, among other aspects.
[[ArchivoFile:Grupos temáticos.jpg|25px|http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#ane19551985]] [http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#ane19551985 Atlas Nacional de España 1955-1985]
<span style="color: #17aded">'''El segundo Atlas Nacional (1986-2008)'''</span>
[[ArchivoFile:Estructura tematica 1986.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Estructura temática del Atlas Nacional de España de 1986]]In 1986, the management of the Geographic Institute considered the possibility of producing a new National Atlas to complete and update the previous publication. Thus, with the approval of the Council of Ministers on June 13, 1986, the National Atlas project was prepared and structured, drawing up a general index that would cover the different aspects and topics to be dealt with.
In 1987, this multidisciplinary project was launched, organised into thirteen sections comprising 48 working groups, in which all aspects of the physical and human geography of our country were dealt with through mapping.
The thematic structure and format of this Atlas constituted a renovation with respect to the unfinished Atlas of 1965. A large-scale work was achieved, which represented a great qualitative and quantitative leap with respect to previous stages.
[[ArchivoFile:Grupos temáticos.jpg|25px|link=http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#ane19862008]] [http://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/libros-digitales/libros-atlas-nacional-espana#ane19862008 Atlas Nacional de España 1986-2008]
