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{{ANEEtiqueta|palabrasclave=pandemic, covid19, banco de alimentosfood banks, iniciativas solidarias en la pandemiasolidarity initiatives during the pandemic, Cruz RojaRed Cross, Cáritas, solidarity hashtags solidarios en la pandemia, iniciativas solidarias en la pandemiaduring the pandemic|descripcion=Representación cartográfica de las Acciones solidariasCartographic representation of Solidarity Actions|url=valor}}{{ANEObra|Serie=Monographs from the National Atlas of Spain|Logo=[[File:Logo_Monografía.jpg|left|50x50px|link=]]|Título=The COVID-19 pandemic in Spain|Subtítulo=First wave: from the first cases to the end of June 2020|Año=2021|Contenido=New content}}
{{ANENavegacionCapitulo (monografía COVID-19)|estructura=[[Estructura temática (monografía COVID-19)|Estructura temática]]|seccion=[[Social,_economic_and_environmental_effects|Social, economic and environmental effects]]|capitulo=Solidarity initiatives}}
{{ANENavegacionHermanos|anterior=[[Education (COVID-19 monograph)|Education]]|siguiente=[[Environmental impact]]}}
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_People-assisted-by-the-Spanish-Red-Cross-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18476_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Personas atendidas por Cruz Roja durante la primera ola de la pandemiaPeople assisted by the Spanish Red Cross during the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-responses-to-people-assisted-by-the-Spanish-Red-Cross-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18477_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Evolución de respuestas a personas atendidas por Cruz Roja durante la pandemiaEvolution in the amount of responses to people assisted by the Spanish Red Cross during the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Requests-for-assistance-from-Caritas-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18478_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Solicitudes de ayuda a Requests for assistance from Cáritas durante la primera ola de la pandemiaduring the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Variation-in-the-assistance-provided-by-Caritas-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18479_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Variación de la labor efectuada por Variation in the assistance provided by Cáritas en la primera ola de la pandemiaduring the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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</ul></div>Desde el sector públicoTo supplement the measures officially deployed by the public administrations, las acciones e iniciativas fueron numerosasnumerous solidarity initiatives were launched in various domains, incrementandomobilising a wide range of disparate agents. The initiatives covered in this chapter are a small sample of the extensive social effort to lessen the effects of the first wave of the pandemic on the most vulnerable layers of society during spring 2020. Broadly speaking, en unas ocasionesthese solidarity initiatives may be divided into two categories: those launched by charitable organisations, el trabajo que se venía haciendo desde las comunidades autónomasand those spontaneous initiatives launched by specific individuals and groups. The following paragraphs focus on the work carried out by three non-governmental institutions with a well-known tradition in welfare, diputaciones y ayuntamientos y el propio Gobierno de la Nación y, en otras, poniendo en marcha nuevas medidasi.e. En otros temas de esta monografía se presentan algunas de esas acciones del sector público que afectaron decisivamentethe Spanish Red Cross, por ejemplo, al mercado laboral o a grupos sociales con pobreza extrema y riesgo de exclusión socialCáritas and the Spanish Federation of Food Banks.
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Evolution-in-the-amount-of-food-products-dispensed-by-the-Spanish-Federation-of-Food-Banks-during-the-pandemic_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18480_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Evolución alimentos distribuidos por los bancos de alimentos durante la pandemiaEvolution in the amount of food products dispensed by the Spanish Federation of Food Banks during the pandemic. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Main-food-products-dispensed-by-the-Spanish-Federation-of-Food-Banks_2019-2020_statisticalgraph_18550_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Principales productos distribuidos por bancos de alimentosMain food products dispensed by the Spanish Federation of Food Banks. 2019-2020. EspañaSpain.]]
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</ul></div>Cruz Roja Española con el The Spanish Red Cross stepped up the efforts to protect vulnerable people with an action plan de actuación «Cruz Roja RESPONDE» intensificó su labor de atención especialmente a personas vulnerablescalled “The Red Cross RESPONDS”. This organisation continued to help those who were already being assisted and, aseguró la continuidad de las respuestas a la población demandante y apoyóin addition, como auxiliar, el trabajo de los poderes públicosacted as an auxiliary support agent for the public administrations. Esta institución atendió, en los 99 días que duró el estado de alarma, a cerca de dos millones de personas, destacando los grupos de edad entre An analysis of beneficiaries by age shows that help was most commonly provided to people from 30 y to 49 años y los de más de years of age and to those over 70 años; las mujeres integraron el , whilst the breakdown by sex reveals that 64% de las personas atendidasof those assisted were women. As the graph on the [[:File:Spain_People-assisted-by-the-Spanish-Red-Cross-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_statisticalgraph_18476_eng. En acciones relacionadas con la salud se realizaron algo más de jpg|''People assisted by the Spanish Red Cross during the first wave of the pandemic'']] depicts, this organisation carried out over 820,000 ‘health’-focused awareness-raising activities to promote measures to prevent and contain the effects of the pandemic.000 actividades informativas sobre medidas de prevención y contención de los efectos de la pandemia; en el apartado socorros se habilitaron In addition, 110 albergues temporales para más de temporary shelters for over 5.,300 personas sin hogar y homeless people and 30 infraestructuras hospitalariashospital infrastructures were set up as part of the ‘relief’ actions. Nearly 850, además de la participación en numerosos traslados de afectados; en el tema de inclusión social se atendió a casi 000 food deliveries were made and 600.,000 personas y se realizaron cerca de 850people were assisted under the heading of ‘social inclusion’ actions.Over 50,000 entregas de alimentos; en empleo se efectuaron sobre 1.300educational support activities were carried out under the heading of ‘education’ actions.Some 50,000 respuestas virtuales en redes y servicio multicanal; en educación se realizaron más de 50people in fuel poverty were assisted under the heading of ‘environment’ actions.And 62,000 actividades de acompañamiento educativo y apoyo escolar; por último, en medio ambiente se atendió a unas 50people were assisted under ‘employment’ actions.000 personas en situación de pobreza energéticaThis organisation was also involved in conveying many patients to hospitals. Se movilizaron unos The Spanish Red Cross mobilised 50.,000 voluntariosvolunteers to deploy these actions, de los que el of which 58% eran mujeres y el were women and 47% tenían entre were between 20 y and 39 añosyears of age. Cruz RojaIn short, en resumenthe Spanish Red Cross assisted over 3.5 million people and issued over 9 million responses through the website. Cáritas recorded a 59% increase in the amount of people assisted and a 77% increase in requests for support. Given the circumstances, the vast majority of those requests came through electronic channels; online consultations leapt from 17% to 78% of the requests to this organisation. Most came from people under fragile labour conditions (food and beverage sector, domestic workers, etc.), from unemployed, efectuó más de 3from those on furloughs,5 millones de respuestas from ‘black economy’ workers and from single-parent families predominantly women. One in three applicants had not requested help for over a personas atendidas y dio algo más de nueve millones de respuestas en entorno comunitario y webyear, and for 26% of them it was the first time they approached Cáritas for support.
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{| class="wikitable"
|- style="color:MediumBlue; background:LightGoldenrodYellow; text-align:center; border: solid; border-width: 1px;"
|colspan=7|'''HASHTAGS CONSIDERADOS EN LA INVESTIGACIÓNINCLUDED IN THE RESEARCH'''
|-style= "background:White; text-align:center; color:#000000; border: solid; border-width: 1px;"
| '''#apoyomutuo''' || '''#bancodealimentos''' || '''#solidaridadcovid19''' || '''#yomequedoencasa''' || '''#solivid''' || '''#ekimenakcovid19 || '''#frenalacorba'''
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-1_2020_map_18470_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Map: Tuits con Tweets including solidarity hashtags solidarios durante la pandemiaduring the pandemic. Semana Lockdown – week 1 de confinamiento. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-1_2020_map_18470_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-1_2020_map_18470_eng.zip Data]. [http://interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c13072.c13072&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-2_2020_map_18471_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Map: Tuits con Tweets including solidarity hashtags solidarios durante la pandemiaduring the pandemic. Semana Lockdown – week 2 de confinamiento. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-2_2020_map_18471_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-2_2020_map_18471_eng.zip Data]. [http://interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c13073.c13073&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version]. ]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-3_2020_map_18472_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Map: Tuits con Tweets including solidarity hashtags solidarios durante la pandemiaduring the pandemic. Semana Lockdown – week 3 de confinamiento. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-3_2020_map_18472_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-pandemic.-Lockdown-–-week-3_2020_map_18472_eng.zip Data]. [http://interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c13074.c13074&t=A02&view=map99 Interactive version].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_18473_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|MapaMap: Tuits con Tweets including solidarity hashtags solidarios durante la primera ola de la pandemiaduring the first wave of the pandemic. 2020. EspañaSpain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_18473_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Tweets-including-solidarity-hashtags-during-the-first-wave-of-the-pandemic_2020_map_18473_eng.zip Data]. [http://interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=c13077.c13077&t=A02&view=map9 Interactive version].]]
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{{ANEAutoria|Autores= Juan Luis Bermúdez González, Francisco Escobar Martínez and Nieves López Estébanez}}
{{ANESubirArriba}}{{ANETextoEpigrafe|epigrafe=Iniciativas solidarias de la ciudadaníaCitizen solidarity initiatives}}[[File:Logo_MonografíaSpain_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic-according-to-sphere-of-action_2020_statisticalgraph_18549_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Statistical graph: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemia según ámbito de actuaciónSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic according to sphere of action. 2020. EspañaSpain.]]La acción de las administraciones públicas y de las entidades del tercer The action of the public administrations and third-sector ha sido esencial para paliar los efectos sanitarios y sociales de la pandemia. Ahora bien, cabe señalar que esta se ha visto acompañadainstitutions played an essential role in lessening the impact of the pandemic on health and social issues, y en no pocas ocasiones precedida, por la iniciativa espontánea de la ciudadaníaas detailed in the previous paragraphs. Así, entre los meses de marzo y junio de 2020 surgió una miríada de prácticas de apoyo mutuo en los campos más diversos: desde las ofertas para realizar la compra al auxilio de personas mayores o con diversidad funcional, del acompañamiento psicológico a la producción de mascarillas y otro material sanitario, del cuidado de niños a las más variadas iniciativas culturales. Lo que caracterizó este fenómeno fue la celeridad de la eclosión de las iniciativas, su rápida difusión a través de las redesFurthermore, la transversalidad temática de sus actividades y su amplia implantación territorialthese initiatives were complemented by spontaneous citizen solidarity initiatives.<div><ul style="text-align: left; float:right; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px">
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaSeville_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Seville_2020_map_18465_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Map: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemiaSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic. SevillaSeville. 2020. SevillaSeville. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Seville_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Seville_2020_map_18465_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Seville_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Seville_2020_map_18465_eng.zip Data]. ]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaMadrid_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Madrid_2020_map_18464_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Map: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemiaSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic. Madrid. 2020. Madrid. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Madrid_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Madrid_2020_map_18464_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Madrid_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Madrid_2020_map_18464_eng.zip Data]. ]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaBarcelona_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Barcelona_2020_map_18462_eng.jpg|left|thumb|none|300px|Map: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemiaSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic. Barcelona. 2020. Barcelona. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Barcelona_IniciativasBarcelona_Solidarity-solidariasinitiatives-duranteduring-lathe-pandemiapandemic.-Barcelona_2020_mapa_18462_spaBarcelona_2020_map_18462_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Barcelona_IniciativasBarcelona_Solidarity-solidariasinitiatives-duranteduring-lathe-pandemiapandemic.-Barcelona_2020_mapa_18462_spaBarcelona_2020_map_18462_eng.zip DatosData].]]<div><ul style="text-align: left; float:right; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px">
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaBilbao_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Bilbao_2020_map_18463_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Map: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemiaSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic. Bilbao. 2020. Bilbao. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Bilbao_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Bilbao_2020_map_18463_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Bilbao_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Bilbao_2020_map_18463_eng.zip Data].]]
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[[File:Logo_MonografíaValencia_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Valencia_2020_map_18466_eng.jpg|right|thumb|none|300px|Map: Iniciativas solidarias durante la pandemiaSolidarity initiatives during the pandemic. ValènciaValencia. 2020. València. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Valencia_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Valencia_2020_map_18466_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Valencia_Solidarity-initiatives-during-the-pandemic.-Valencia_2020_map_18466_eng.zip Data].]]
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</ul></div>Durante los primeros meses de la pandemiaOutbreaks of solidarity initiatives have been seen before in Spain as well as in other countries, la eclosión de las iniciativas ciudadanas de apoyo mutuo dio lugar al surgimiento de diversas aplicaciones en la red destinadas particularly during the 2008-2013 financial crisis, and many of those that emerged during the COVID-19 crisis were ephemeral. Nonetheless, their roll-out helped lessen the effects of the crisis on peoples’ living conditions, even in countries with a divulgar su existencia y acercarlas a los potenciales usuarioswell-developed welfare state, like Spain. Una de estas fue la red [https://www The experience showed that the persistence of these initiatives and their potential to transform societies depend on their ability to combine the provision of effective social support with the organisation of citizens to claim their rights as well as with the promotion of alternative ways of producing goods and services.solivid The emergence of citizen solidarity initiatives during the first months of the pandemic gave rise to various internet applications aimed at advertising their existence and raising awareness amongst potential users.org/?lang=es One of these was the SOLIVID]network, que ha tenido como objetivo difundir las iniciativas solidarias y, al mismo tiempo, reunir materiales para su estudiowhich aimed at spreading the word about solidarity initiatives as well as gathering information for research. Iniciada en la Universitat Autònoma de The network was launched at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, en abril de in April 2020, la red está integrada en la actualidad is currently made up of 34 grupos de investigación de research groups from 12 países y ha podido censarcountries and has registered 3, a través de un ejercicio de cartografía colaborativa, cerca de 3.000 iniciativas solidarias en solidarity initiatives in 28 países, sobre todo en Europa y América Latinacountries (primarily in Europe and Latin America) through collaborative mapping. A finales de junio 2020, SOLIVID había identificado y localizado had identified and located 878 iniciativas solidarias en Españasolidarity initiatives in Spain towards the end of June 2020. Los datos recabados distan de cubrir el universo de la solidaridad ciudadana durante la primera ola de la pandemiaEven though these initiatives do not thoroughly list the full range of citizen solidarity initiatives that arose during the first wave of the pandemic, pero constituyen una muestra significativa para su estudiothey do provide a significant sample for assessing the importance of this experience.
{{ANEAutoria|Autores= Joan Checa Rius and Oriol Nel·lo Colom}}
{{ANEPaginaDescargas (monografía COVID-19)}}
[[es:Acciones solidarias]][[Category:PoblaciónPopulation, poblamiento y sociedadhuman settlements and society]][[Category:Sistemas de transportes y comunicacionesTransport and ICT]]