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[[File:Spain_Processed-applications-for-the-Minimum-Subsistence-Income_2020-2021_statisticalgraph_18562_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Processed applications for the Minimum Subsistence Income. 2020-2021. Spain.]]
[[File:Logo MonografíaSpain_Beneficiaries-of-the-Minimun-Subsistence-Income_2020-2021_map_18559_eng.jpg||left|thumb|300px|Map: Beneficiaries of the Minimun Subsistence Income. 2020-2021. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Beneficiaries-of-the-Minimun-Subsistence-Income_2020-2021_map_18559_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Beneficiaries-of-the-Minimun-Subsistence-Income_2020-2021_map_18559_eng.zip Data]. [ Versiones interactivas [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_182_t.r_182_t&s=2021-03-31&t=A02&view=map9 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_183_t.r_183_t&s=2021-03-31&t=A02&view=map9 2]. ]] [[File:Spain_Processed-applications-for-the-Minimum Subsistence -Subsistance-Income_2020-2021_map_18560_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Processed applications for the Minimum Subsistance Income. 2020-2021. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Processed-deapplications-poblacionfor-enthe-laMinimum-UnionSubsistance-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaIncome_2020-2021_map_18560_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_DensidadSpain_Processed-deapplications-poblacionfor-enthe-laMinimum-UnionSubsistance-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spaIncome_2020-2021_map_18560_eng.zip DatosData]. [Interactive versions [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_184_t.r_184_t&s=2021-03-31&t=A02&view=map9 1] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_185_t.r_185_t&s=2021-03-31&t=A02&view=map9 2] [//interactivo-atlasnacional.ign.es/index.php#c=indicator&i=r_186_t.r_186_t&s=2021-03-31&t=A02&view=map9 3].]]
Spain was one of the EU states with the highest levels of inequality, poverty and social exclusion before the pandemic. Different reports pointed out this structural issue: indicators barely registered changes for decades, worsened after the Great Recession from 2008-2013 that led to reducing social spending, and deteriorated even more during the first year of pandemic. Over 9.5 million people were living in relative poverty in 2019, half of them in severe poverty. Spain is the fourth state in the European Union with the highest rate of severe poverty. The economic production model favours low wages as well as a labour market with a high level of temporary and precarious work. Furthermore, public policies related to housing, family support and care for vulnerable groups are weak. All these factors explain this situation, which nevertheless shows significant differences between regions.
