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[[File:Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Mining, trade and finance during the Modern Age. 1500-1808. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Mining--trade-and-finance-during-the-Modern-Age_1500-1808_map_17065_eng.zip Data].]]

[[File:Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Administration of the ordinary Royal Justice in the 16th century. Chancelleries, hearings and other institutions. 1371-1699. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Administration-of-the-ordinary-Royal-Justice-in-the-16th-century.-Chancelleries--hearings-and-other-institutions_1371-1699_map_15227_eng.zip Data].]]

[[File:Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Map: Crisis of 1640. 1631-1668. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Crisis-of-1640_1631-1668_map_16790_eng.zip Data].]]

[[File:Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map: Meetings of the courts of Castile and Aragon. 16th-18th centuries. 1500-1799. Spain. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Spain_Meetings-of-the-courts-of-Castile-and-Aragon.-16th--18th-centuries_1500-1799_map_15214_eng.zip Data].]]

With Philip IV, el ''Rey Sol'' Spanish power was expected to increase. In the Thirty Years’ War, which began in Germany (1618) between Catholic and Protestant princes, Spanish-Austrian victories followed one another. Denmark, Norway and Sweden were unable to offset the balance until, in 1635, faced with the enormous power of the Habsburgs, France entered the war, supported by the United Provinces (Holland), England and Scotland. The triumphs gave way to defeats (the resounding disaster at [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocroi,_el_último_tercio#/media/Archivo:Rocroi,_el_último_tercio,_por_Augusto_Ferrer-Dalmau.jpg Rocroi] in 1643 was one of them). Spain is forced to sign the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) which meant its loss of territories, the recognition of the independence of Holland and the replacement of Spain in the European hegemony by a new great power: France.<br>

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