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Finally, consideration must be given to the fall in exports, which dealt a severe blow to the economies of the main exporting Spanish regions. The crippling of global value chains, the limitations on transport and the drop in demand unleashed by the first wave of the pandemic reduced the value of Spanish exports by 24% compared to the same period of the previous year. The products most affected were energy commodities (-55.09%), vehicles (-44.73%) and manufactured consumer goods (-35.56%). By contrast, exports of food, beverages, tobacco and other merchandise increased slightly (by 5.01% and 3.62%).
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Again, the overall geographical impact was determined by sectoral specialisation. The most affected provinces were Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Las Palmas and Cádiz, due to their strong involvement in energy commodities; and Valladolid, Palencia, Araba/Álava and Saragossa (Zaragoza), due to the drop in vehicle exports. The provinces of Ourense and Corunna (A Coruña), for their part, were affected primarily by the drop in manufactured consumer goods. At the other end of the scale, exports increased from the provinces of Salamanca, Segovia, Huesca, Lleida, Cuenca, Cáceres and Granada, whose overall export volume is low but highly specialised in the food, tobacco and beverage sectors. Lastly, the provinces with the highest export volumes, such as Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia, benefited from more diversified export structures and relevant export of capital equipment and semi-manufactured goods, which lessened their downturns, keeping them around the national average.
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