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[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Statistical graph: Incidence of COVID-19 in relation to social vulnerability and income. 2020. Barcelona.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]
[[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||rightleft|thumb|300px|Map: Incidence of COVID-19 and socioeconomic conditions. 2020. Barcelona.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]][[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||rightleft|thumb|300px|Map: Incidence of COVID-19 and income. 2020. Barcelona.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]][[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Mobility on public rail transport. 2020. Barcelona.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]][[File:Logo Monografía.jpg||right|thumb|300px|Map: Mobility on public rail transport. 2020. Barcelona.[//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.pdf PDF]. [//centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/busquedaRedirigida.do?ruta=PUBLICACION_CNIG_DATOS_VARIOS/aneTematico/Europa_Densidad-de-poblacion-en-la-Union-Europea_2019_mapa_18193_spa.zip Datos].]]
COVID-19 was responsible for 74,853 infections and 12,596 deaths in Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña) from 26 February to 30 June 2020. 20,958 infections and 4,260 deaths out of the total occurred in the city of Barcelona. In other words, whilst the capital city is home to just 21% of the population in Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña), it accounted for 28% of infections and 34% of deaths. Demographers have pointed out that the impact of the pandemic was so severe as to increase mortality rates and reduce life expectancy. In addition, there were further impacts on health, including a decline in fertility rates and a sharp reduction in foreign migrations, amongst others (Esteve et al. 2021).
There were 3,339,279 inhabitants in 2020 in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, which comprises the city of Barcelona as well as some 35 towns around it. This means that 42% of the population in Catalonia (Catalunya/Cataluña) lives in an area that covers just 2% of the territory. Data for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona allow approaching one of the issues repeatedly raised in scientific and citizen debates from the beginning of the health crisis, i.e. the influence of living conditions on the incidence of the pandemic. This section depicts this issue by assessing the relationship between the incidence of the pandemic and some of the most decisive aspects of mobility and social vulnerability.
Data provided by the Public Health Agency in Barcelona confirm, in general, a clear relationship between the incidence of the pandemic and socioeconomic conditions. The population is grouped by income quintiles on the graph on the Incidence of COVID-19 in relation to social vulnerability and income, which shows that the first quintile (lower income) had a significantly higher incidence of infections than the fifth quintile (higher income), i.e. 42.3% in the case of women and 50.2% in the case of men. It is also worth of mention that a slightly lower incidence was to be observed in the first quintile in relation to the second and third ones. This could perhaps be attributed to the fact that most vulnerable population has less access to healthcare and therefore to testing and thus to statistics, whether for reasons of age or due to an irregular administrative situation (e.g. migrants having no resident or work permit for the European Union).
